Mental Health Overview and Risk Factors
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Questions and Answers

What type of medications are considered first-line treatments for anxiety-related disorders?

  • Selective Serotonin Inhibitors (SSRIs) (correct)
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Antipsychotics
  • Antihistamines

Which of the following is a potential side effect of Buspirone?

  • Nervousness (correct)
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Increased appetite
  • Weight loss

What characterizes mild anxiety?

  • Sudden heart rate fluctuations
  • Inability to notice environmental changes
  • Dazed and confused state
  • Effective problem solving (correct)

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with moderate anxiety?

<p>Trembling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a thorough psychosocial assessment in the context of anxiety disorders?

<p>To assess the patient's social environment and behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which combination of symptoms might lead someone with anxiety to mistakenly seek emergency care?

<p>Panic attacks and chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might a person experiencing severe anxiety have trouble doing?

<p>Learning and problem solving (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does anxiety typically affect the body physiologically?

<p>It triggers the 'fight-or-flight' response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes panic level anxiety?

<p>Loss of touch with reality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological intervention is least likely to cause dependency when treating anxiety?

<p>Buspirone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom indicates an individual may be experiencing moderate anxiety?

<p>Pounding heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of early diagnosis and treatment for mental health issues in older adults?

<p>Improved quality of life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an integrative medicine practice used for coping with stress?

<p>Yoga (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medications is specifically mentioned for treating somatic symptoms of anxiety disorders?

<p>Antidepressants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a common symptom of panic-level anxiety?

<p>Trembling and hyperventilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about anxiety disorders is true?

<p>Symptoms of anxiety can be confused with normal aging processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of family therapy in treating anorexia nervosa?

<p>To support child's weight gain and disrupt starvation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacological intervention is specifically FDA-approved for the treatment of binge eating disorder (BED)?

<p>Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) aims to address which of the following in patients with eating disorders?

<p>Challenging negative thoughts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question is best used to encourage patients to share their experiences?

<p>Open-ended (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of delirium in older adults?

<p>Inability to focus and poor memory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative effect of excessive questioning during patient interaction?

<p>It may cast the nurse in the role of an interrogator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bulimia nervosa, what role does psychotherapy play?

<p>Helps normalize eating habits and addresses underlying causes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the miracle question in therapeutic communication?

<p>To help visualize a solution to a problem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between binge eating and emotional coping?

<p>Binge eating often arises from emotional distress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should a nurse avoid giving approval or disapproval during patient conversations?

<p>It can lead patients to seek approval over personal motivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary psychosocial interventions for anorexia nervosa?

<p>Suicidal ideation assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of question is likely to put a patient on the defensive?

<p>Why questions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception regarding depression in older adults?

<p>It is a normal part of aging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a more therapeutic alternative to giving advice to a patient?

<p>Have you considered discussing it with your friend? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines closed-ended questions?

<p>They provide specific and limited responses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In therapeutic communication, what is the downside of repeatedly asking closed-ended questions?

<p>They may close off further communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of transference in a nurse-patient relationship?

<p>The patient expresses anger towards the nurse as if they were a parent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates the concept of countertransference?

<p>A nurse expresses frustration towards a patient who behaves like their sibling. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the boundary crossing in nursing?

<p>Neglect of patient needs due to personal issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can silence be effectively utilized in therapeutic communication?

<p>To allow the patient to gather their thoughts and show that they are understood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which active listening technique involves restating the core message of the patient?

<p>Paraphrasing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can signify that a nurse's needs are being met at the expense of the patient's needs?

<p>The nurse prioritizing their emotional support over patient care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might indicate an unrecognized transference or countertransference situation?

<p>The patient frequently redirects their positive feelings towards the nurse. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of a nurse seeking emotional support from a patient?

<p>Potential abandonment of patient care due to personal needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Pica in relation to eating disorders?

<p>Consuming nonfood items past toddlerhood without an underlying illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Individuals often have a distorted body image and see themselves as overweight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of Bulimia Nervosa, which of the following methods is encouraged?

<p>Journaling and breathing exercises as non-purging coping methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant sign of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder?

<p>Lack of interest in food or avoidance of meals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach should NOT be taken when treating Binge Eating Disorder?

<p>Support the patient in avoiding all food to prevent weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical component of treatment for individuals with Anorexia Nervosa?

<p>Gradual refeeding with small, frequent meals to avoid complications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Rumination Disorder?

<p>Emotional distress when consuming food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapy is suggested for individuals with Bulimia Nervosa to help address negative thought patterns?

<p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Blurring of Roles

When a nurse's professional relationship with a patient becomes blurred, often due to unrecognized transference or countertransference.

Over-Involved Nurses

Nurses who exhibit behaviors such as boundary crossing, boundary violations, and professional sexual misconduct, often stemming from blurring of roles.

Transference

A patient unconsciously displacing feelings and behaviors onto a nurse, relating them to significant figures in their past. Example: "You remind me of my mother."

Countertransference

The reverse of transference - when a nurse unconsciously displays feelings from their past onto a patient. It's often a reaction to the patient's transference.

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Therapeutic Communication

Communication techniques used to promote understanding and healing in a patient-nurse relationship.

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Silence in therapeutic communication

Using silence to give a patient time to collect thoughts or think through a point. It also indicates that the patient has been understood.

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Active Listening

Nurses focus, respond, and remember what the patient is saying both verbally and nonverbally.

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Clarifying Techniques

Strategies used to ensure understanding in communication, including paraphrasing, restating and reflecting.

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Open-ended questions

Encourage patients to share their experiences, perceptions, or responses to a situation.

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Closed-ended questions

Questions that can be answered with a simple yes or no. Useful for specific information during assessments or intake.

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Projective questions

Questions that begin with "What if" to help patients articulate, explore, and identify thoughts and feelings.

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Excessive questioning

Asking multiple questions consecutively or rapidly, making the RN seem like an interrogator.

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Giving approval or disapproval

Expressing positive or negative opinions about a patient's behavior, which can lead to seeking approval instead of genuine change.

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Giving advice

Offering solutions to the patient's problem, which can hinder their ability to make their own decisions.

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Asking "why" questions

Demanding explanations, implying wrongdoing, and potentially making the patient defensive.

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Therapeutic approach

Using open-ended questions, avoiding approval or disapproval, and focusing on understanding patient's perspective.

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Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and severe food restriction, leading to a dangerously low body weight.

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Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting, excessive exercise, or using laxatives.

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Binge Eating Disorder

An eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating, feeling a lack of control during binge episodes.

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Pica

A persistent eating of non-food substances like dirt, paint, ice, or paper.

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Rumination

An eating disorder where food is regurgitated after being swallowed and then re-chewed, re-swallowed or spit out.

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Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

An eating disorder where a person avoids certain foods or has limited food intake due to sensory issues, fear of choking, or aversions to certain textures or smells.

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Refeeding syndrome

A potentially life-threatening complication that can occur when a person with severe malnutrition is reintroduced to food too quickly.

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A type of therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with an eating disorder.

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Mild Anxiety

A normal reaction to everyday life, characterized by slight discomfort, restlessness, and mild tension-relieving behaviors. Individuals can still focus and solve problems effectively.

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Moderate Anxiety

Increased anxiety level where individuals have trouble focusing and may experience physical symptoms like increased heart rate and sweating. Problem-solving is still possible, but at a reduced level.

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Severe Anxiety

A heightened state where focus is severely impaired and individuals may experience difficulty recognizing their surroundings. Problem-solving becomes impossible.

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Somatic Symptoms of Anxiety

Physical sensations experienced during anxiety, such as headache, nausea, dizziness, muscle tension, and insomnia.

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Anorexia Nervosa Treatment

Treatment involves addressing multiple aspects including suicidal ideation, psychosocial interventions, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, nutrition, health teaching, safety, and teamwork.

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Pharmacotherapy for Anorexia

Medications like SSRIs might be used to treat co-occurring depression and anxiety, but there is no specific FDA-approved medication for anorexia nervosa.

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Family Therapy (F-BT) for Anorexia

Family therapy focuses on disrupting the child's starvation and excessive exercise patterns, aiming to create a healthier family dynamic.

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Bulimia Nervosa Treatment

Treatment focuses on interrupting destructive cycles, normalizing eating habits, addressing underlying issues, treating comorbidities, counseling, health teaching, safety, and teamwork.

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Binge Eating Disorder: Focus

Therapy for BED focuses on understanding triggers, exploring coping mechanisms, setting realistic goals, and health education.

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Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse) for BED

The only FDA-approved medication for BED, a stimulant medication that helps regulate appetite and reduce binge eating episodes.

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Delirium in Older Adults

An acute, often reversible, cognitive disturbance characterized by confusion, anxiety, agitation, memory issues, and delusions, often triggered by a medical condition.

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Depression in Older Adults

Depression is not a normal part of aging and can be effectively treated.

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Anxiety Symptoms

Physical and emotional signs of anxiety like rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, difficulty breathing, and feelings of worry or dread.

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Anxiety's 'Fight or Flight'

The body's natural response to perceived threats, triggering physical changes like increased heart rate and breathing to prepare for action.

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SSRI for Anxiety

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are often the first choice for treating anxiety disorders because they help regulate mood and reduce anxiety.

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Benzodiazepine for Anxiety

Benzodiazepines are antianxiety drugs that quickly reduce anxiety symptoms but can be habit-forming.

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Buspirone for Anxiety

A non-habit-forming antianxiety medication that takes a few weeks to take effect, but is a good option for long-term anxiety management.

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Assess for Self-Harm

Important to evaluate the risk of self-harm in individuals with anxiety, especially if they have suicidal thoughts or behaviors.

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Primary vs. Secondary Anxiety

Primary anxiety is a standalone disorder, while secondary anxiety is caused by another condition like depression or a medical issue.

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Integrative Therapies

Combining traditional and complementary therapies, such as herbal supplements and yoga, to manage anxiety and stress.

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Study Notes

Mental Health and Mental Wellness

  • Nurses coordinate care, teaching health maintenance, use milieu therapy, and administer pharmacological, biological, and integrative therapies.

  • Mental health is a state of well-being where individuals can cope with life and contribute to the community.

  • Mental illness includes all psychiatric disorders with definable diagnoses.

Risk Factors for Mental Illness

  • Altered thinking (e.g., Alzheimer's)
  • Altered emotions (e.g., major depression)
  • Altered behavior (e.g., schizophrenia)

Individual Attributes and Behaviors

  • Characteristics that are inborn and learned, influence social interactions, and resilience.
  • Biological and genetic factors are important.

Social and Economic Circumstances

  • Family dynamics, social support, socioeconomic status, and resources impact mental health.

Environmental Factors

  • Political climate, cultural beliefs, access to healthcare, and resources affect mental well-being.

Therapeutic Relationships

  • Boundaries are essential in nurse-patient relationships (legal and ethical considerations).

Therapeutic Communication Techniques

  • Silence, active listening, paraphrasing, restating, reflecting, focusing, exploring are techniques.
  • Excessive questioning, giving approval/disapproval, and giving advice are non-therapeutic.

Eating and Feeding Disorders

  • Pica, rumination, avoidant/ restrictive food intake, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa differ in signs and symptoms.
  • Assess through monitoring vital signs, lab results, and emotional support. These patients need a therapeutic plan with a dietitian.

Pharmacological Interventions

  • SSRIs are the first-line defense for anxiety- related disorders.
  • Other medications like benzodiazepines, antihistamines, and anticonvulsants are also used for treatment.

Anxiety Disorders

  • Anxiety disorders manifest as physical symptoms like increased heart rate, muscle tension, fatigue, and difficulties with concentration.

  • Mild, moderate, severe, and panic levels of anxiety have different associated symptoms.

Crisis and Disaster

  • Standard practice for mental health nursing involves assessment, intervention, planning, and evaluation in crisis situations (e.g., situational, maturational, and crisis management).

Neurocognitive and Older Adults

  • Aging can lead to depression, anxiety, and delirium in older adults, as well as neurocognitive disorders and substance use disorders.

Mental Disorders in Older Adults

  • Older adults may experience a range of disorders like Alzheimer's, dementia, mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders.

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Mental Wellness Final Exam PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts in mental health, including the definitions of mental wellness and illness, risk factors affecting mental health, individual attributes, and the role of social and environmental circumstances. Assess your understanding of how these elements interact to shape mental well-being.

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