36 Questions
What is the purpose of using comprehensive baseline assessment?
To monitor progress or decline in functioning over time
What is a characteristic of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?
Individuals may require extra time to complete tasks
What is necessary for the diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
A significant decline in ability to independently meet daily living demands
What is often an intermediate stage between aging and a major neurocognitive disorder?
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
What is the purpose of specifying the underlying medical reason for cognitive decline?
To identify the underlying cause of cognitive decline
What is a characteristic of Major Neurocognitive Disorder?
A significant decline in ability to independently meet daily living demands
What is a critical drawback of using synthetic opioids to treat opioid-use disorder?
Tolerance develops
Which of the following is a benefit of family counseling in treating opioid-use disorder?
It improves treatment outcomes
What is the purpose of the proposed vaccine to treat opioid-use disorder?
To create antibodies that latch onto opioids
What is the benefit of contingency management with incentives for abstinence in treating opioid-use disorder?
It improves treatment outcomes
What is the primary goal of teaching people who use cocaine to cope with temptations and high-risk situations?
To help individuals overcome cocaine use
What is the current limitation of pharmacological interventions for stimulant-use disorder?
There are no effective pharmacological interventions
What is the primary reason why social media contributes to the increased acceptability and frequency of alcohol use in college?
It offers a means of self-esteem management through the Fall Consensus Effect
What percentage of alcohol dependence risk is attributed to genetic factors?
56%
Which of the following substances has the strongest genetic risk?
Cannabis
What is a significant factor in the physiological effects of substances?
Sex
What is the main goal of treatment for substance-use disorders?
To address underlying emotional difficulties
What is a significant challenge in the treatment of substance-use disorders?
The disparity between the number of people needing treatment and those receiving it
What is the benefit of incorporating integrated care into treatment for substance-use disorders?
It enhances treatment outcomes
What is the role of genes in substance abuse risk?
They can both increase and decrease the risk of substance abuse
What is the estimated reduction in suicide ideation or attempts in children of parents with strong religious beliefs?
80%
What is the primary purpose of gatekeeper training in preventing suicide?
To teach individuals how to screen for suicide risk factors
Which eating disorder is characterized by extreme thinness and a fear of gaining weight?
Anorexia nervosa
What is the typical age range for the onset of anorexia nervosa?
Early adolescence
Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with anorexia nervosa who restrict their food intake?
They are more introverted and anxious
What is a common physical complication of anorexia nervosa?
All of the above
Which occupation has the highest suicide rate among medical professionals?
Psychiatrists
What is a common reason for the high suicide rate among firefighters, police, and correctional officers?
Stigma and fear of discrimination when discussing mental health
What is the mortality rate of adolescents with anorexia nervosa compared to those without the disorder?
6x higher
Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals with binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa?
They are more extroverted and impulsive
Which of the following is a consistent theme among surviving friends of someone who has committed suicide?
Guilt and an attempt to understand the tragedy
What is a possible reason for the increase in suicide rates among African American children and adolescents?
Barriers to identification and treatment of depression
Which of the following occupations has a high rate of suicide among men?
Farmworkers, fishermen, loggers, carpenters, miners, electricians, and installers
What is a common effect of suicide on surviving family members?
Guilt and responsibility
What is a possible contributor to the increase in suicide rates among young people?
Social media use
What is a significant stressor for children and adolescents?
The academic environment
Study Notes
Ambivalence about Suicide
- There is a strong underlying desire to live despite suicidal thoughts
- Occupational risk factors contribute to suicide rates, including:
- High-risk jobs for men: farmworkers, fishermen, loggers, carpenters, miners, electricians, and installers
- High-risk jobs for women: firefighters, police, and correctional officers
- Workplace injuries and stress may lead to suicidal thoughts
- Medical professionals, particularly psychiatrists, have a high suicide rate, while pediatricians have a lower rate
Effects of Suicide on Friends and Family
- Consistent themes among surviving friends:
- Guilt and attempts to understand the tragedy
- Development of risky behaviors
- Altered relationships with friends
- Surviving family members, especially parents, often feel:
- Guilt and responsibility
- Increased rates of depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and marital difficulty
Suicide and Specific Populations
- Possible reasons for the increase in suicide among children and adolescents:
- Social media use and substance abuse
- Barriers to identification and treatment of depression
- School experiences, such as racial discrimination, low teacher expectations, and inequitable discipline practices
- Children of parents with strong religious beliefs have a lower risk of suicide ideation or attempts
Preventing Suicide
- Early detection and successful intervention are key
- Understanding risk and protective factors, including:
- Self-referrals or referrals from concerned family or friends
- Gatekeeper training to identify risk factors and screen for suicide
- Three-step process: know risk factors, determine probability of suicide, and implement appropriate actions
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia nervosa:
- Restricting: weight loss through severe dieting or exercising
- Binge-eating/purging: self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics
- Typically occurs in adolescent girls and young women, but a growing percentage of men are also diagnosed
- Physical complications of anorexia nervosa:
- Highest mortality rate among eating disorders
- Adolescents with anorexia have a 6x higher mortality rate than those without
Treatment for Substance-Use Disorders
- Disparity between those with substance-use disorders and those receiving treatment
- Treatment is most effective when it incorporates:
- Best practices based on high-quality addiction research
- Integrated care addressing underlying emotional difficulties
- Use of self-help groups, mental health clinics, and inpatient and outpatient treatment centers
- Treatment for opioid-use disorder:
- Early detoxification and therapy are critical
- Synthetic opioids can reduce cravings without producing euphoria
- Improved outcomes with behaviorally-oriented counseling, contingency management, and family counseling
Treatment for Neurocognitive Disorders
- Major neurocognitive disorder:
- Significant decline in one or more cognitive areas
- Ability to independently meet daily living demands is impaired
- Mild neurocognitive disorder:
- Modest decline in at least one main cognitive area
- Individuals can still participate in everyday activities, but may require extra time to complete tasks
Learn about the jobs that have high rates of suicide among men and women, including factors such as workplace injury and stress. Understand the importance of recognizing these risks.
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