Occupational Risk Factors for Suicide

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of using comprehensive baseline assessment?

To identify individuals with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

To monitor progress or decline in functioning over time (correct)

To diagnose Major Neurocognitive Disorder

To determine the underlying medical reason for cognitive decline

What is a characteristic of Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?

Individuals may require extra time to complete tasks (correct)

Individuals are unable to participate in everyday activities

Individuals experience a significant decline in multiple cognitive areas

Individuals require assistance with daily living demands

What is necessary for the diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder?

A modest decline in at least one main cognitive area

A significant decline in ability to independently meet daily living demands (correct)

A significant decline in one cognitive area

Deficits in multiple regions

What is often an intermediate stage between aging and a major neurocognitive disorder?

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of specifying the underlying medical reason for cognitive decline?

To identify the underlying cause of cognitive decline Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Major Neurocognitive Disorder?

A significant decline in ability to independently meet daily living demands Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical drawback of using synthetic opioids to treat opioid-use disorder?

Tolerance develops Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of family counseling in treating opioid-use disorder?

It improves treatment outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proposed vaccine to treat opioid-use disorder?

To create antibodies that latch onto opioids Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of contingency management with incentives for abstinence in treating opioid-use disorder?

It improves treatment outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of teaching people who use cocaine to cope with temptations and high-risk situations?

To help individuals overcome cocaine use Signup and view all the answers

What is the current limitation of pharmacological interventions for stimulant-use disorder?

There are no effective pharmacological interventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why social media contributes to the increased acceptability and frequency of alcohol use in college?

It offers a means of self-esteem management through the Fall Consensus Effect Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of alcohol dependence risk is attributed to genetic factors?

56% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances has the strongest genetic risk?

Cannabis Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in the physiological effects of substances?

Sex Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of treatment for substance-use disorders?

To address underlying emotional difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the treatment of substance-use disorders?

The disparity between the number of people needing treatment and those receiving it Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of incorporating integrated care into treatment for substance-use disorders?

It enhances treatment outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of genes in substance abuse risk?

They can both increase and decrease the risk of substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated reduction in suicide ideation or attempts in children of parents with strong religious beliefs?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gatekeeper training in preventing suicide?

To teach individuals how to screen for suicide risk factors Signup and view all the answers

Which eating disorder is characterized by extreme thinness and a fear of gaining weight?

Anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the onset of anorexia nervosa?

Early adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of individuals with anorexia nervosa who restrict their food intake?

They are more introverted and anxious Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical complication of anorexia nervosa?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which occupation has the highest suicide rate among medical professionals?

Psychiatrists Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for the high suicide rate among firefighters, police, and correctional officers?

Stigma and fear of discrimination when discussing mental health Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate of adolescents with anorexia nervosa compared to those without the disorder?

6x higher Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of individuals with binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa?

They are more extroverted and impulsive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consistent theme among surviving friends of someone who has committed suicide?

Guilt and an attempt to understand the tragedy Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible reason for the increase in suicide rates among African American children and adolescents?

Barriers to identification and treatment of depression Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occupations has a high rate of suicide among men?

Farmworkers, fishermen, loggers, carpenters, miners, electricians, and installers Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of suicide on surviving family members?

Guilt and responsibility Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible contributor to the increase in suicide rates among young people?

Social media use Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant stressor for children and adolescents?

The academic environment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ambivalence about Suicide

There is a strong underlying desire to live despite suicidal thoughts
Occupational risk factors contribute to suicide rates, including:
- High-risk jobs for men: farmworkers, fishermen, loggers, carpenters, miners, electricians, and installers
- High-risk jobs for women: firefighters, police, and correctional officers
- Workplace injuries and stress may lead to suicidal thoughts
- Medical professionals, particularly psychiatrists, have a high suicide rate, while pediatricians have a lower rate

Effects of Suicide on Friends and Family

Consistent themes among surviving friends:
- Guilt and attempts to understand the tragedy
- Development of risky behaviors
- Altered relationships with friends
Surviving family members, especially parents, often feel:
- Guilt and responsibility
- Increased rates of depression, anxiety, alcohol abuse, and marital difficulty

Suicide and Specific Populations

Possible reasons for the increase in suicide among children and adolescents:
- Social media use and substance abuse
- Barriers to identification and treatment of depression
- School experiences, such as racial discrimination, low teacher expectations, and inequitable discipline practices
- Children of parents with strong religious beliefs have a lower risk of suicide ideation or attempts

Preventing Suicide

Early detection and successful intervention are key
Understanding risk and protective factors, including:
- Self-referrals or referrals from concerned family or friends
- Gatekeeper training to identify risk factors and screen for suicide
- Three-step process: know risk factors, determine probability of suicide, and implement appropriate actions

Eating Disorders

Anorexia nervosa:
- Restricting: weight loss through severe dieting or exercising
- Binge-eating/purging: self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics
- Typically occurs in adolescent girls and young women, but a growing percentage of men are also diagnosed
Physical complications of anorexia nervosa:
- Highest mortality rate among eating disorders
- Adolescents with anorexia have a 6x higher mortality rate than those without

Treatment for Substance-Use Disorders

Disparity between those with substance-use disorders and those receiving treatment
Treatment is most effective when it incorporates:
- Best practices based on high-quality addiction research
- Integrated care addressing underlying emotional difficulties
- Use of self-help groups, mental health clinics, and inpatient and outpatient treatment centers
Treatment for opioid-use disorder:
- Early detoxification and therapy are critical
- Synthetic opioids can reduce cravings without producing euphoria
- Improved outcomes with behaviorally-oriented counseling, contingency management, and family counseling

Treatment for Neurocognitive Disorders

Major neurocognitive disorder:
- Significant decline in one or more cognitive areas
- Ability to independently meet daily living demands is impaired
Mild neurocognitive disorder:
- Modest decline in at least one main cognitive area
- Individuals can still participate in everyday activities, but may require extra time to complete tasks

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Description

Learn about the jobs that have high rates of suicide among men and women, including factors such as workplace injury and stress. Understand the importance of recognizing these risks.