Mental health: Frustration

• Mental health hygiene covers frustration, stress, and burnout.

Frustration

• Frustration arises when a person is blocked from achieving a valued goal or satisfying physiological needs, leading to a stirred-up state of hopelessness.
• It is linked to being thwarted in the satisfaction of a motive and results from unpleasant encounters.

Main Problems Leading to Frustration

• Physiological needs such as food, shelter, and water are basic but only temporarily satisfying.
• Satisfaction of physiological needs often subdues frustrating feelings and is easy to cope with.
• Environmental factors, like cultural norms and values, in a social environment can be difficult to navigate.
• Psychological factors, or internal problems, reside within a person's inner feelings and are often the most challenging to resolve; examples include panic and phobias.

Psychological and Physical Symptoms of Frustration

• Psychological symptoms include anxiety, tension, uncontrollable worrying, irritability, distractibility, and difficulty learning.
• Physical symptoms include difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, excessive appetite, fatigue, and aches.

Reactions to Frustration

• Vary from person to person due to personality differences.
• Reactions may manifest as defensive, neurotic, or psychotic behaviors.
• Reactions to non satisfaction include external withdrawal, externalized aggression, internalized hostility, and internal withdrawal.

Stress

• Stress is defined as the nonspecific psychological and physiological response of the body to any demand.
• Stressors are stimuli or threats that cause stress and can be pleasant or unpleasant, interfering with the body's equilibrium.

Effects of Stress on Behavior

• Difficulty sleeping or changes in sleep habits
• Chronic irritability or anxiety
• Changes in eating habits
• Increased use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs
• Frequent illness, including headaches and stomach aches
• Cold hands, rapid breathing and heartbeat, muscle tension

Jeff Bisch's Cartoon (Stress Mobile)

• The input valve includes stressors such as job, family, customers, inflation, and environment.
• Response to stressors depends on an "awareness and choice valve".
• Stress is necessary to reach goals, but excessive stress requires relief through vacation and relaxation.
• Lack of relief leads to overflow and negative results in tension, anxiety, headache, and ulcers.

Choices in Dealing with Stress

• Removing the stressor from the environment
• Relaxation techniques to counter toxic effects in a stressful environment.

Major Causes of Stress in Organizations

• Occupational demands in certain jobs being more stressful.
• Stressful job conditions include making decisions, constant monitoring of devices, repeated information exchange, unpleasant physical conditions, and performing unstructured tasks
• Role ambiguity causes stress from uncertainty, whereas responsibility for others leads to a heavy burden.
• Overload and underload refers to doing too much or too little.
• Lack of social support leads to isolation and lack of participation in decisions results in helplessness and strikes.
• Nonwork demands create stress that can carry over into the work environment
• These include family demands, religious activities, public service involvements, and traumatic events, which may lead to distress if unresolved.
• Physical demands, such as extreme environments, strenuous activities, and hazardous substances, create physical demands at work.
• Examples are work environments that are too cold or too hot.

Emotional and Stress Reaction

• Emotions can be adaptive or disruptive, depending on their intensity.
• Low to high arousal can produce alertness and interest.
• Optimum levels of arousal may decline performance and impair behavior.
• Long-term emotional stress can impair physical and mental health.

Eustress

• Defined as euphoria plus stress, and is known as "good stress".
• It refers to the consequence of healthy stress which includes performance benefits.

Characteristic of Eustress:

• Motivates and focuses energy
• Is short-term and perceived as within coping abilities.
• Feels exciting and Improves performance

Positive Personal Stressors:

• Receiving a promotion or raise at work
• Starting a new job or a marriage
• Buying a home or having a child
• Taking a vacation or holiday seasons
• Retiring

Benefits of Eustress

• Increased arousal and burst of physical strength, cardiovascular efficiency, and enhanced focus in an emergency.

Distress

• Includes the death of a spouse or family member.
• It also includes losing contact with loved ones, being abused or neglected, separation from a partner, unemployment, sleep problems, and children's problems at school.

Cost of Distress

• Individuals may suffer psychological disorders, medical illnesses, and behavioral problems.
• Organizations can experience participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards.

Ways to Cope with Stress

• Expressing feelings openly and having realistic expectations of oneself and others.
• Accepting that one cannot control every situation or decision.
• Getting plenty of rest, exercising, and eating a balanced diet.
• Making time for relaxing activities, solving problems one step at a time.
• Accepting changes, and closing your eyes to relax your body and breathe deeply when things get tense.

Burnout

• Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress, especially in susceptible individuals facing overload
• It reduces productivity, saps energy, and leads to feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, cynicism, and resentment, leaving one feeling depleted.

Behavioral Signs of Burnout

• Includes withdrawing from responsibilities.
• Isolating from others, procrastinating, using food, drugs, or alcohol to cope.
• Taking out frustrations on others.
• Feeling like every day is a bad day and that nothing you do makes a difference

Mental Health

• Mental health is the ability to function effectively and happily in one's role in society.
• It is the condition of the whole personality, involving harmonic adaption to a changing environment.
• Problems should be solved in realistic manner, to accept the inevitable, and to understand and accepts one's shortcomings.
• Individual lifestyle greatly impacts mental health and mental health is the adjustment process in problem situations.
• Adjustment is defined as an individual's manner of reacting or responding adequately to perceived problems.

Mentally Healthy People

• Exhibit self-acceptance by being able to laugh at one's self and seeing one's own mistakes while also making an effort to overcome them.
• This means having an ability to laugh at one's self, see one's own mistake and make effort to overcome it.
• Acceptance of others through the ability to trust other people and acceptance of individual differences
• Ability to meet the demands of life, which are possible through being able to think and make decisions for themselves.

Role of Mental Health in Business and Industry

• Mental health includes concern and interest for other people's feelings in contrast to self-centeredness.
• Also, mentally healthy people can demonstrate quality worker performance and emotional stability

Mental Health Problems in Business Organizations

• Cliques in the workplace, wage increase, disturbance in the status relationship among workers.
• Evaluation of workers including the quality of work.
• Worker and assignments because some might resist, and changes because of technology.

Principles of Mental Health in Business and Industry Operations.

• Management responsibilities should include not just efficient and profitable production of goods and services, but also the satisfaction of the psychological wants of workers.
• Understanding the feelings of workers and the role of management in the actions of workers.

Mental Hygiene

• It is a branch of psychology focused on mental, behavioral, and emotional adjustment, by applying principles and practices for personality building.
• Mental hygiene consists of patterns of living that promote healthy personality and good relations with others

Main Approaches to Mental Hygiene

• Preventive approach aims to "cure" by surrounding people with good environmental influences to develop their potential.
• Therapeutic methods correct minor behavioral problems through psychotherapy or by adjusting the social or physical environment,
• Curative approach works to detect and correct serious behavioral maladjustments and It must be done by works of a trained clinician and technician

Role and Practice of Mental Hygiene in Business and Industry

• Necessary adjustments must be made to human behavior, to bring out a better harmonious relationship between employees and employers
• It also adjusts the employees relationship to the public and to personality, motivation and human emotions
• Mental hygiene also deals with the factors which cause conflicts, and interferes with relations between employees, emphasizing good human relations

Employer-Employee Relationship Salient Points to Mental Hygiene

• Respect for one's personality and the personality of others
• Recognition of limitations in self and in others
• Appreciation of the importance of sequence in behavior
• Understanding of the function that motivates behavior and realization of the whole individual.

Social System

• It is a series of interrelated and interdependent parts, where the interaction of subsystems influences the whole organization.
• Social system operates when an organization operates in a complex system of values and relationship.

System of Role

• Each individual has a role to play within the organization
• Role refers to the total behavior pattern that is expected
• Status refers to the position and the rights and duties that come with it.

Types of Status

• Ascribed Status are fixed beyond control.
• Gender and skin color are examples of ascribed Status.
• Achieved status is controlled by the individual
• Role conflict is the condition when changes of status and roles are disruptive.

Organization

• It is a group of people who aims obtain objectives effectively and efficiently.
• Organization is a human activity and group of people

Concepts of Organization

• Organization is made up of people
• People in the organizations interact
• Interactions are ordered by a structure
• Interactions are designed to achieve personal objectives
• Interactions result in the the achievement of a result that may not be the same as the members personal objective

Organizations Subsystem

• Administrative/Structural subsystem on authority, structure and responsibility
• It looks at who does what, when and why inside of the organization

Subsystems: Information/Decision-Making and Economics

• Information/decision-making emphasizes key decisions and the information needed to keep the system going.
• Economic/technological subsystesm is on the work to be done and the cost effectiveness.
• Human/social subsystem focuses on motivation and needs of organizations members.

Human Resource in Organizations

• Human resource skills, knowledge, and abilities are significant determinants of organizational productivity

Capacity as a Managerial and Non-Managerial Resource

• The quality of human resource engaged in management is a major determinant of productivity.
• Worker capacity refers to human effort in performing their duties.

Features of Organization Affecting Behavior

• Hierarchy of authority with rules procedures, controls and techniques.
• Formality of communication and communication.
• Organization will employ Skilled Personnel.
• Specific Purposes of employment

Hierarchy of Authority and Procedures

• Veridical differentiation of authority.
• Helps Supervising employees and in in coordinating and making decisions.
• Rules answer problems in large scale organizations.
• Standardized operation procedures are ways to respond to problems
• Controls are measures that affect human or machine behavior that tell people what is expected of them.
• Techniques standardize ways to achieve ends.

Formality & Communication

• The work of members linked to what other members are doing.
• Language used in an organization will be technical
• The organization's use a standardized work-related technical vocabulary.

Specialization & Division of Labor

• Division of labor distributes tasks
• Specialization increases performance in a range of function.

Occupational Culture

• Organizational culture has boundaries and distinguishes organizations.
• Organizational Culture conveys a sense of identity for organizational members
• Organizational Facilitates commitment.
• Organizational helps enhance a stable social systems

Characteristics of Organizational Culture

• Member Identity because it identifies with job more
• Group Emphasis around workers
• Focuses on decision
• Unit Integration because organization work together.
• Control to oversee
• Risk Tolerance to encourage workers
• Conflict Tolerance of workers
• Rewards must be earned
• Focus of means from end in results
• Open Systems because of external environment

Culture Functions

• Boundary-defining roles
• Conveying a sense of identity
• Facilitates the generation of commitment to something larger.
• Enhance social stability