Mental Health Disorders: MDD & Bipolar Disorder

Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder?

Short-term symptoms

Increased mortality in general

No history of manic behavior (correct)

History of manic behavior

What is a common feature of Bipolar Disorder?

Mood swings from depression to euphoria (correct)

Long-term symptoms only

Loss of interest in usual activities

No periods of normal mood

Which communication technique is used in the nurse-client relationship for Bipolar Disorder?

Confrontation

Humor (correct)

Avoidance

Sympathy

Who determines the length of stay for a patient being held involuntarily?

Interdisciplinary team Signup and view all the answers

Under what circumstances can a patient be held involuntarily?

Patient is unable to take care of basic personal needs Signup and view all the answers

What class of medication is associated with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)?

Antipsychotic Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern for clients experiencing a panic attack?

Fear of dying Signup and view all the answers

What disorders are treated with antipsychotic medication?

Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of Bipolar Disorder?

Increased mortality in general, particularly with death by suicide Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with panic disorder?

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of anxiety?

An out of proportion response to a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with using Clonazepam to treat panic disorder?

Physical dependence and tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate nursing response to a client experiencing a panic attack?

Provide empathy and reassurance Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator that a client may need psychiatric help for their anxiety?

The client's anxiety is impairing their functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing intervention for a client experiencing a panic attack?

To meet the client's immediate need Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Clonazepam?

It is a type of benzodiazepine Signup and view all the answers

What percent of clients have a family history of alcohol abuse?

40-60% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a positive symptom of a mental disorder?

Delusions Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for creating situations to avoid dealing with the reality of another situation?

Malingering Signup and view all the answers

A client has a history of excessive fear of snakes. What is the term that a nurse should use to describe this specific phobia?

Ophidiophobia Signup and view all the answers

How would a nurse differentiate a client diagnosed with a social phobia from a client diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder?

Clients with social phobia avoid interacting only in social settings Signup and view all the answers

How would a nurse differentiate a client diagnosed with panic disorder from a client diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

Depersonalization is commonly seen in panic disorder and absent in GAD Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate treatment for clients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?

Long-term treatments with buspirone (BuSpar) Signup and view all the answers

A client refused to go on a cruise to the Bahamas with his spouse because of fearing that the cruise ship will sink, and all will drown. What is the term that a nurse should use to describe this specific phobia?

Thalassophobia Signup and view all the answers

When a client experiences delusional thinking, what should the nurse focus on?

The client's feelings and emotions associated with the delusion Signup and view all the answers

A client with delusional thinking is fixed on their beliefs. What is the reason for this?

The client's delusional thinking is usually fixed and not changed by evidence or logical explanations Signup and view all the answers

A client with auditory hallucinations states, 'I hear voices that tell me that I am evil.' What is a realistic outcome for this client by discharge?

The client will identify events that increase anxiety and trigger hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

A client who has taken thioridazine (Mellaril) for 2 years with good symptom control is readmitted with paranoid delusions and hallucinations. What is a potential cause for the return of these symptoms?

The client has not taken the medication as prescribed Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the nurse when working with a client with delusional thinking?

To help the client identify and manage their feelings associated with the delusion Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the nurse to focus on the client's feelings rather than their delusional thinking?

Because the client's feelings are more amenable to change than their delusional thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a client recognizing the events that increase their anxiety and trigger hallucinations?

It means the client can anticipate symptoms and initiate appropriate coping skills Signup and view all the answers

Why is it unrealistic to expect a client to completely stop hearing voices?

Because even when compliant with antipsychotic medications, clients may still hear voices Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indication of psychological addiction to a substance?

The client has an overwhelming desire to use a drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of substitution therapy in treating alcohol withdrawal?

To reduce the intensity of withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the philosophy of AA in treating alcohol addiction?

Promotion of total abstinence as the only cure Signup and view all the answers

What should be the nurse's first priority when assessing a client with a history of heavy alcohol use who has not drunk in 48 hours?

Monitoring for signs of withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of discharge teaching for a client with chronic alcohol addiction?

Attendance at AA meetings Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of substitution therapy in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal?

To decrease the intensity of withdrawal symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of psychological addiction to a substance?

An overwhelming desire to use a drug to produce pleasure or avoid discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of AA in the treatment of alcohol addiction?

A self-help organization that promotes total abstinence Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mental Health Theory & Application

Major Depressive Disorder

Symptoms: loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities, no history of manic behavior, no underlying medical condition, long-term
Part of every mental health disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Associated with increased mortality, particularly with death by suicide
Mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania) with intervening periods of normalcy
Nurse client relationship: utilizing communication techniques such as humor, bargaining, honest feedback, and distraction
Therapeutic communication is key
Interdisciplinary team determines length of stay for involuntary hospitalization
Patient can be held involuntarily if they are a harm to themselves or others, or unable to take care of basic personal needs
Antipsychotic medications are associated with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

Key Terms

Malingering: creating situations to avoid dealing with the reality of another situation
Positive & Negative Symptoms:
- Hallucinations
- Delusions
- Erotomania
- Echopraxia
- Alogia
- Paranoia
- Neologism
- Echolalia

Anxiety Disorders

Specific Phobias:
- Aquaphobia: excessive fear of water, classified as a natural environment type of phobia
Social Phobia: avoiding interactions only in social settings
Panic Disorder:
- Depersonalization is commonly seen in panic disorder and absent in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- Treatment: long-term use of buspirone (BuSpar)
- Clonazepam (Klonopin) is particularly effective in treatment, but can be abused and lead to physical dependence and tolerance
Generalized Anxiety Disorder:
- Anxiety is considered abnormal when it is out of proportion to the stimulus causing it and when it impairs functioning

Psychotic Disorders

Hallucinations:
- Auditory hallucinations: client will identify events that increase anxiety and illicit hallucinations
Delusions:
- Fixed, irrational beliefs that clients will continue to have despite obvious proof that the belief is false or irrational
- Focus on feelings suggested by the delusion rather than attempting to change the client's delusional thinking

Substance Abuse

Substitution therapy: administration of a central nervous system depressant during substance-induced disorder of alcohol withdrawal
AA (Alcoholics Anonymous):
- Major self-help organization for the treatment of alcohol addiction
- Promotes total abstinence as the only cure
- Client outcome: attending 90 AA meetings in 90 days

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Description

This quiz covers the symptoms, characteristics, and risks associated with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder. It also explores the nurse-client relationship in these contexts.