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Childhood Mental Health Disorders

This quiz assesses your understanding of childhood disorders, including anxiety, depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder. Learn about the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to these disorders and how they differ from adult mental illnesses. Test your knowledge of the biopsychosocial models and treatment approaches for these common childhood disorders.

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Questions and Answers

Approximately 20% of children (4-17yrs) at any one point have a clinically significant mental health issue.

False

Boys have a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders compared to girls.

False

Behavioural Inhibition is a trait that is characterized by a tendency to seek out novel and unfamiliar situations.

False

Anxiety disorders are more commonly associated with ADHD than depression.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of anxiety disorders is decreasing in girls.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etiology of anxiety disorders is solely attributed to genetic factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with Behavioural Inhibition have a higher threshold for stress.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statistic of 15% of children with a clinically significant mental health issue is likely an overestimate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Childhood disorders are identical to adult disorders.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depression is the most common mental health issue in children.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

At any given time, approximately ______ of children (4-17yrs) have a clinically significant mental health issue.

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety is the most common form of mental health issue in children, accounting for ______ of the cases.

<p>the most</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statistic of 15% of children with a clinically significant mental health issue is likely an ______.

<p>underestimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with ______ have a lower threshold for stress and tend to avoid novel situations.

<p>Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, anxiety disorders are often comorbid with other disorders, with ______ of children having a comorbid disorder.

<p>over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of anxiety disorders is ______ in girls.

<p>increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trait of ______ is very stable over time and can be quite predictable.

<p>Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, ______ is a common reason why suicidal tendencies may go unnoticed.

<p>self-presentation concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes are often related to anxiety disorders through ______.

<p>temperament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety disorders are often characterized by a ______ threshold for stress.

<p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the statistic of 15% of children having a clinically significant mental health issue?

<p>The statistic is likely an underestimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mental health issue in children, and what is the trend in girls?

<p>Anxiety is the most common, and it is increasing in girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between genes and anxiety disorders, and what is the specific trait involved?

<p>Genes are related to anxiety disorders through temperament, specifically the trait of Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of children with Behavioural Inhibition, and how do they respond to stress?

<p>Children with Behavioural Inhibition tend to avoid novel situations and have a lower threshold for stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of comorbidity in childhood disorders, and how common is it?

<p>More than 50% of children have a comorbid disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may suicidal tendencies go unnoticed in children, and what is the implication for suicide prevention?

<p>Children may not express their emotions openly, leading to underreporting of suicidal tendencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 15% statistic in the context of mental health issues in children?

<p>It indicates that 15% of children have a clinically significant mental health issue at any one point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between anxiety disorders and temperament, and how does it manifest in children?

<p>Anxiety disorders are related to temperament, specifically the trait of Behavioural Inhibition, leading to avoidance of novel situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the trend in anxiety disorders in girls, and what is the implication for mental health interventions?

<p>Anxiety disorders are increasing in girls, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding developmental psychopathology in the context of childhood disorders?

<p>It helps understand the origins and course of individual maladaptation in the context of typical growth processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased activity in the Left PFC, as it relates to emotional regulation?

<p>The brain thinks 'nothing is okay/fine'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Hippocampus in regulating ACTH?

<p>It regulates the amount of cortisol released in response to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sleep and the development of depression?

<p>Getting enough sleep decreases the risk of developing depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in depression?

<p>It is involved in error-related rewards and losses, and selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of disruptions in the inflammatory response system in depression?

<p>An increased risk of developing depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals who experience one episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) go on to experience more episodes?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) episode?

<p>3-5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Chronic low-grade depression lasting at least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender ratio for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>2:1 (women:men)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of MDD episodes last for more than 2 years?

<p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?

<p>DA and NE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in bipolar disorder besides mood swings?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Neuroticism in bipolar disorder?

<p>It is a risk factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for bipolar disorder?

<p>Pharmacotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of attributional style in bipolar disorder?

<p>It is a risk factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of heritability is estimated for MDD?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is highly linked to temperament neuroticism and is hyperresponsive to adverse stimuli and stress?

<p>5-HTT allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation, and its decrease is associated with loss of interest or pleasure?

<p>DA (dopamine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of people with depression who often experience a 'war inside their body'?

<p>Psychomotor retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of frequent periods of MDD superimposed on PDD?

<p>Double depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of episodes of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that an individual experiences?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Lower number of required symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender ratio for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>2:1 (women:men)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of individuals who experience one episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and go on to experience more episodes?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where each depressive episode increases the likelihood of future episodes?

<p>Kindling Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased activity in the Left Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in depression?

<p>Decreased emotional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in depression?

<p>Selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased Hippocampal volume in depression?

<p>Impaired learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sleep and the development of depression?

<p>Lack of sleep can trigger depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inflammatory response system in depression?

<p>It is similar to the response to foreign viruses/bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of heritability for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is highly linked to temperament (neuroticism) and is hyperresponsive to adverse stimuli and stress?

<p>5-HTT allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation, and its decrease is associated with loss of interest or pleasure?

<p>Dopamine (DA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Frequent episodes of MDD superimposed on PDD</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of people with depression who often experience a 'war inside their body'?

<p>Double depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a decrease in NE and DA neurotransmitters?

<p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in bipolar disorder besides mood swings?

<p>Psychosocial etiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Antipsychotics in bipolar disorder?

<p>Treating psychotic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of children with Behavioural Inhibition?

<p>Lower threshold for stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of shifting patterns of blood flow to L & R PFC?

<p>Approach and avoidance behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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