Childhood Mental Health Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Approximately 20% of children (4-17yrs) at any one point have a clinically significant mental health issue.

False

Boys have a higher prevalence of comorbid disorders compared to girls.

False

Behavioural Inhibition is a trait that is characterized by a tendency to seek out novel and unfamiliar situations.

False

Anxiety disorders are more commonly associated with ADHD than depression.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of anxiety disorders is decreasing in girls.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Etiology of anxiety disorders is solely attributed to genetic factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with Behavioural Inhibition have a higher threshold for stress.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statistic of 15% of children with a clinically significant mental health issue is likely an overestimate.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Childhood disorders are identical to adult disorders.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Depression is the most common mental health issue in children.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

At any given time, approximately ______ of children (4-17yrs) have a clinically significant mental health issue.

<p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety is the most common form of mental health issue in children, accounting for ______ of the cases.

<p>the most</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statistic of 15% of children with a clinically significant mental health issue is likely an ______.

<p>underestimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with ______ have a lower threshold for stress and tend to avoid novel situations.

<p>Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, anxiety disorders are often comorbid with other disorders, with ______ of children having a comorbid disorder.

<p>over 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of anxiety disorders is ______ in girls.

<p>increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trait of ______ is very stable over time and can be quite predictable.

<p>Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

In children, ______ is a common reason why suicidal tendencies may go unnoticed.

<p>self-presentation concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Genes are often related to anxiety disorders through ______.

<p>temperament</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety disorders are often characterized by a ______ threshold for stress.

<p>lower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern regarding the statistic of 15% of children having a clinically significant mental health issue?

<p>The statistic is likely an underestimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mental health issue in children, and what is the trend in girls?

<p>Anxiety is the most common, and it is increasing in girls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between genes and anxiety disorders, and what is the specific trait involved?

<p>Genes are related to anxiety disorders through temperament, specifically the trait of Behavioural Inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of children with Behavioural Inhibition, and how do they respond to stress?

<p>Children with Behavioural Inhibition tend to avoid novel situations and have a lower threshold for stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of comorbidity in childhood disorders, and how common is it?

<p>More than 50% of children have a comorbid disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may suicidal tendencies go unnoticed in children, and what is the implication for suicide prevention?

<p>Children may not express their emotions openly, leading to underreporting of suicidal tendencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 15% statistic in the context of mental health issues in children?

<p>It indicates that 15% of children have a clinically significant mental health issue at any one point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between anxiety disorders and temperament, and how does it manifest in children?

<p>Anxiety disorders are related to temperament, specifically the trait of Behavioural Inhibition, leading to avoidance of novel situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the trend in anxiety disorders in girls, and what is the implication for mental health interventions?

<p>Anxiety disorders are increasing in girls, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of understanding developmental psychopathology in the context of childhood disorders?

<p>It helps understand the origins and course of individual maladaptation in the context of typical growth processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased activity in the Left PFC, as it relates to emotional regulation?

<p>The brain thinks 'nothing is okay/fine'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Hippocampus in regulating ACTH?

<p>It regulates the amount of cortisol released in response to stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sleep and the development of depression?

<p>Getting enough sleep decreases the risk of developing depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in depression?

<p>It is involved in error-related rewards and losses, and selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of disruptions in the inflammatory response system in depression?

<p>An increased risk of developing depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals who experience one episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) go on to experience more episodes?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average duration of a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) episode?

<p>3-5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Chronic low-grade depression lasting at least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender ratio for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>2:1 (women:men)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of MDD episodes last for more than 2 years?

<p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurotransmitters are decreased in depression?

<p>DA and NE</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in bipolar disorder besides mood swings?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Neuroticism in bipolar disorder?

<p>It is a risk factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for bipolar disorder?

<p>Pharmacotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of attributional style in bipolar disorder?

<p>It is a risk factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of heritability is estimated for MDD?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is highly linked to temperament neuroticism and is hyperresponsive to adverse stimuli and stress?

<p>5-HTT allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation, and its decrease is associated with loss of interest or pleasure?

<p>DA (dopamine)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of people with depression who often experience a 'war inside their body'?

<p>Psychomotor retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of frequent periods of MDD superimposed on PDD?

<p>Double depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average number of episodes of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) that an individual experiences?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Lower number of required symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gender ratio for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>2:1 (women:men)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of individuals who experience one episode of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and go on to experience more episodes?

<p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where each depressive episode increases the likelihood of future episodes?

<p>Kindling Hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased activity in the Left Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in depression?

<p>Decreased emotional regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) in depression?

<p>Selective attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased Hippocampal volume in depression?

<p>Impaired learning and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between sleep and the development of depression?

<p>Lack of sleep can trigger depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the inflammatory response system in depression?

<p>It is similar to the response to foreign viruses/bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of heritability for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

<p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is highly linked to temperament (neuroticism) and is hyperresponsive to adverse stimuli and stress?

<p>5-HTT allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the neurotransmitter responsible for motivation, and its decrease is associated with loss of interest or pleasure?

<p>Dopamine (DA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) that distinguishes it from MDD?

<p>Frequent episodes of MDD superimposed on PDD</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the experience of people with depression who often experience a 'war inside their body'?

<p>Double depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a decrease in NE and DA neurotransmitters?

<p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in bipolar disorder besides mood swings?

<p>Psychosocial etiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Antipsychotics in bipolar disorder?

<p>Treating psychotic features</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of children with Behavioural Inhibition?

<p>Lower threshold for stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of shifting patterns of blood flow to L & R PFC?

<p>Approach and avoidance behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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