Mental Health Awareness: DSM-5-TR and Stigmatization

Questions and Answers

Chronic exposure to stress during early development affects which system?

HPA axis (correct)

Nervous system

Endocrine system

Cardiovascular system

Which part of the HPA axis is stimulated to release ACTH?

Kidneys

Adrenal cortex

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary (correct)

What long-term effects can chronic high levels of cortisol have on the body?

Increased bone density and improved immune response

Enhanced memory and cognitive function

Weight gain and increased risk of depression (correct)

Decreased cholesterol levels and enhanced learning

Which condition is NOT associated with malfunctioning of the HPA axis?

Chronic fatigue syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element in reducing the stigma associated with mental illness?

Using person-centered language Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phrases is considered less stigmatizing?

The child with autism Signup and view all the answers

What does psychological dysfunction in mental disorders imply?

There is a significant disturbance in cognitive and emotional processes Signup and view all the answers

How is distress characterized in the context of mental disorders?

It can disable the individual in social or occupational activities Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'deviance' refer to in the context of abnormal behavior?

The movement away from what is considered normal Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that can lead to abnormal behavior becoming pathological?

Chronic distress or dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the definition of abnormal behavior?

Behavior that deviates from societal norms and causes distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the scientific study of psychological disorders?

To reliably predict, explain, diagnose, and treat maladaptive behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the DSM-5 or DSM-5-TR?

To categorize and diagnose mental disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characterized as societal disapproval and judgment towards individuals with mental illness?

Social stigma Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an acute disorder from a chronic disorder?

An acute disorder lasts for a short duration, while a chronic disorder persists over a long period. Signup and view all the answers

According to WHO, what proportion of people globally will experience a diagnosable mental disorder at some point in their lives?

More than one-third Signup and view all the answers

What impact can self-stigmatization have on an individual?

Feelings of shame and poorer treatment outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method involved a stone instrument to create an opening in the skull?

Trephination Signup and view all the answers

Why might individuals with mental illness refuse treatment?

Perceived societal stigma Signup and view all the answers

According to Hippocrates, what was a common cause of mental disorders?

Imbalance of bodily humors Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Plato's contributions regarding the mentally ill?

The community and families should take care of them. Signup and view all the answers

What societal perception can affect individuals with mental illness in the United States?

Pressure to conform to 'normal' behavior Signup and view all the answers

What can contribute to social isolation among individuals suffering from stigma?

Refusal to seek treatment Signup and view all the answers

What technique was commonly used by ancient cultures to cast out evil spirits?

Exorcism Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the internalization of negative perceptions about oneself due to societal stigma?

Self-stigmatization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT one of Hippocrates’ categorized mental disorders?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

According to early beliefs, what often caused abnormal behavior?

Spiritual or supernatural influences Signup and view all the answers

What substance, according to Hippocrates, could cause frenzy if in excess?

Yellow bile Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary purposes of the Bethlem Hospital opened in 1547?

To confine those with mental disorders. Signup and view all the answers

Which term emerged from the experiences at the Bethlem Hospital?

Bedlam Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of mental illness did Emil Kraepelin focus on?

The classification of mental disorders into syndromes. Signup and view all the answers

What notable change occurred in the treatment of the mentally ill from the late 19th century onwards?

A decline in moral treatment and a rise of competing perspectives. Signup and view all the answers

What did John P. Grey assert about insanity?

It should be treated like a physical illness. Signup and view all the answers

How were patients treated in asylums during their early years?

They were often placed in chains and exhibited publicly. Signup and view all the answers

What inspired the creation of asylums during the 16th century?

A growing recognition of the mentally ill needing dedicated care. Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Bedlam' today is used to describe which state?

A state of uproar and confusion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)

DSM-5-TR is the latest edition that provides criteria for distinguishing between normal and pathological behaviors and symptoms.
Serves as a standardized tool for diagnosing mental disorders, aiding in the classification of symptoms.

Impact of Mental Illness

Over one-third of people worldwide will meet the criteria for a diagnosable mental disorder in their lifetime, according to the World Health Organization.
Stigma and discrimination exacerbate the suffering of individuals with mental illnesses, leading to social exclusion.
Societal norms pressure individuals to conform, labeling non-conformists with negative terms.

Stigmatization

Social stigma refers to prejudiced attitudes and discrimination faced by individuals labeled with mental illnesses, hindering their integration into society.
Self-stigmatization occurs when individuals internalize negative societal perceptions, resulting in feelings of shame and hindering recovery.
Stigma can lead to avoidance of treatment, social isolation, and a distorted view of mental illness prevalence.

Language and Perception Changes

Recent movements in psychology advocate for person-centered language, focusing on individuals rather than their disorders (e.g., “the girl with anorexia” instead of “the anorexic girl”).
This approach emphasizes humanity over illness, reducing stigma associated with mental health conditions.

Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal behavior is studied to predict, explain, diagnose, and treat maladaptive behavior.
Defined by dysfunction (clinically significant disturbances in cognitive or emotional processes), distress (impairment in important activities), and deviance (a deviation from societal norms).

Historical Perspectives on Mental Illness

Prehistoric cultures believed in supernatural causes for abnormal behavior, often attributing it to evil spirits. Treatments included trephination.
Hippocrates proposed that mental disorders had natural causes, related to bodily fluids (humors), and classified them into categories like melancholia and mania.

Asylum Reform and Treatment Approaches

Asylums emerged in the 16th century, intended as places for care, but often became overcrowded and inhumane, leading to mistreatment of patients.
The moral treatment movement in the 18th and 19th centuries shifted focus to compassionate care for the mentally ill.

Biological and Psychological Perspectives

In the late 19th century, Emil Kraepelin classified mental disorders into syndromes, forming a basis for modern diagnostic criteria.
John P. Grey emphasized that mental illnesses had physical causes and promoted humane treatment methods.
The role of the adrenal glands and cortisol in stress and its connection to mental health is significant, with implications for depression, anxiety, and PTSD.

HPA Axis and Mental Health

The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis regulates stress responses, connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary glands, and adrenal glands.
Chronic stress can lead to overproduction of cortisol, affecting mental health and contributing to various disorders.

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Description

Explore the key concepts surrounding the DSM-5-TR, including its role in diagnosing mental disorders and understanding the societal stigma associated with mental illness. This quiz examines the impact of mental illness and the importance of awareness for reducing discrimination. Test your knowledge on these vital topics in mental health.