Test #2 MCQ MEDIUM
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Questions and Answers

What tends to occur to affect levels during rest periods after exercise?

  • Affect rises and becomes more positive (correct)
  • Affect rises and becomes more negative
  • Affect remains unchanged
  • Affect decreases significantly

Which statement best describes the relationship between continuous exercise and future exercise behavior?

  • Continuous exercise is less enjoyable than interval exercise
  • Participants prefer interval exercise regardless of past experiences
  • Affect during continuous exercise has no impact on future behavior
  • Affect during continuous exercise strongly predicts future exercise behavior (correct)

What is the significance of signs or symptoms classified under mental health problems?

  • They require immediate hospitalization
  • They warrant efforts in health promotion and treatment (correct)
  • They are irrelevant to mental health assessment
  • They fully meet the criteria for a mental disorder

At what age do 1 in 2 Canadians report having, or having had, a mental illness?

<p>By age 40 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option accurately reflects the definition of mental health?

<p>Successful performance of mental function and fulfilling relationships (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the amygdala in the stress response?

<p>Initiating the stress response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does allostasis differ from homeostasis?

<p>Allostasis achieves stability through change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does allostatic load refer to?

<p>The cost of adaptation and coping with stress. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can result from chronic allostatic load?

<p>Mental health disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the SAM or HPA axis under chronic stress?

<p>They may become overworked and not turn off. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive function is essential for effective movement?

<p>Constant surveillance of environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to improved cognition during exercise?

<p>Exercise duration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed driver of improved cognition during acute exercise?

<p>Release of dopamine and catecholamines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative effect is associated with high intensity exercise on cognition?

<p>Over-arousal leading to suboptimal performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of exercise and cognition, what is the 'Inverted-U Relationship'?

<p>There is an optimal level of intensity for cognitive performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise relate to brain plasticity?

<p>It promotes and enhances brain plasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the acute effects of exercise on the brain?

<p>Enhanced feelings of wellbeing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of intensity-preference in the context of exercise?

<p>A predisposition to select a specific level of physical effort when given a choice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does BDNF play in exercise and cognition?

<p>It promotes the health of neurons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological effect can overtraining lead to?

<p>Negative mental health outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a previously known term for issues resulting from overtraining?

<p>Staleness syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be considered to improve adherence to an exercise program?

<p>Personal intensity preferences for exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are metabolic landmarks mentioned in the content in relation to exercise?

<p>Lactate threshold and ventilatory threshold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the negative psychological effects of excessive exercise be described?

<p>They can lead to more severe mental health issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of distinguishing between affect, emotion, and mood in exercise psychology?

<p>To enhance the depth of research and analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Iceberg profile' associated with?

<p>The psychological profile of elite athletes undergoing overtraining (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)?

<p>Assess cognitive impairment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive ability is NOT assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)?

<p>Emotional intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Stroop Test primarily measure?

<p>Selective attention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Eriksen Flanker Task, which cognitive skills are primarily tested?

<p>Inhibitory control and selective attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the Trail Making Test?

<p>Measuring task-switching and visual search (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary stressor used in the study on unfit men?

<p>Mental arithmetic test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often did the unfit participants engage in exercise training?

<p>3 times per week (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological measures were collected during the study?

<p>Blood pressure and heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does exercise training have on the acute stress response?

<p>It reduces the stress response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What time frame is suggested for the benefits of exercise training to manifest in terms of lowering anxiety?

<p>3-6 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the acute stress response considered beneficial?

<p>It helps in survival during challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercise is described as the most researched in terms of its effects on lowering anxiety?

<p>Aerobic training (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does chronic stress have on health according to the content?

<p>Risk of heart attack (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does preferred exercise intensity relate to personality traits?

<p>Preferred intensity can influence self-efficacy in exercise tasks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of engaging in group exercise settings?

<p>Increased confidence to try new activities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality type is likely to have a higher pain tolerance during exercise?

<p>Extroverts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can an individual’s personality affect their willingness to participate in new activities?

<p>High confidence correlates with a greater willingness to try new activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise behavior impact personality in terms of stress management?

<p>Exercise enhances the ability to handle stress. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a neurobiological factor associated with introversion?

<p>Increased sensitivity to external stimuli. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercise environment is likely to positively influence intrinsic motivation?

<p>Leisurely outdoor activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Eysenck’s theory, which personality trait is responsible for seeking stimulation?

<p>Extroversion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term allostasis refer to in the context of physiological responses?

<p>The physiological response to disruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is included in the SAM axis during a stress response?

<p>Epinephrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of stress appraisal, what does secondary appraisal evaluate?

<p>The available resources or coping strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological impact of cortisol during the stress response?

<p>Increased blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with the concept of allostatic load?

<p>Increased physical fitness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of epinephrine during the stress response?

<p>Increasing alertness and arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically considered a psychological stressor?

<p>Injury or illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic allostatic load on the body?

<p>Negative health outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of the HPA axis during a stress response?

<p>Release of cortisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might a high allostatic load indicate about an individual's stress levels?

<p>Chronic stress affecting physiological regulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed mechanism by which exercise contributes to mental health improvement according to the neurochemical hypothesis?

<p>Exercise boosts the production of feel-good hormones and restores neurotransmitter balance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is neurogenesis in the hippocampus beneficial to mental health?

<p>It provides a buffer against stress and protects against negative mental health symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship between exercise and hippocampal volume in individuals with major depressive disorder?

<p>Higher levels of exercise training are positively associated with larger hippocampal volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological benefit is associated with the mastery hypothesis in relation to exercise?

<p>A sense of accomplishment leads to increased self-worth and control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a sedentary lifestyle have according to the evolutionary basis of brain health?

<p>It reduces positive adaptations, leading to diminished stress-buffering capacity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate cognitive benefit was observed in children after a 20-minute treadmill exercise?

<p>Enhanced selective attention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) have on measures of selective attention?

<p>Greater speed and accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of applying HIIE before a lecture on quiz retention?

<p>No difference in quiz retention between groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a likely contributor to the cognitive improvements following physical fitness activities?

<p>Neurogenesis in the hippocampus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tasks is likely to benefit from improvements in cognition following acute exercise?

<p>Standardized academic tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is NOT part of the hardiness construct?

<p>Strong emotional expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does personality play a role in exercise behaviors according to the discussed concepts?

<p>It influences health behaviors and stress reactivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is most likely associated with Type A personalities in the context of exercise?

<p>Competitiveness and urgency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Five-Factor Model relate to exercise behaviors?

<p>It can provide insights into personality determinants of exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals with higher hardiness in terms of exercise behavior?

<p>Higher likelihood of participating in exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological antecedent does exercise psychology research examine?

<p>The relationship between personality and exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality profile aligns with an energy-driven approach to collaboration in group activities?

<p>Alex, who is outgoing and energetic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a likely outcome for someone with a high level of hardiness in stressful situations?

<p>Seeing challenges as opportunities for growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes emotion from affect?

<p>Emotion is a response following cognitive appraisal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dimensional approach to measuring affective states?

<p>It views affective states as interrelated dimensions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do emotions typically last compared to moods?

<p>Emotions last for a few seconds, whereas moods can last minutes to hours. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the categorical approach to measuring affective states?

<p>It creates research bias by limiting focus to certain states. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Felt Arousal Scale?

<p>Estimating how 'worked-up' a person feels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding affect?

<p>Affect occurs automatically, independent of thought. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical scoring range for the Feeling Scale?

<p>-5 to +5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of moods compared to emotions?

<p>Moods have broader, often unspecified causes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intensity-Preference

A tendency to favor a specific level of physical exertion when choosing exercise intensity.

Overtraining

Excessively high training load that can negatively impact mental health and athletic performance.

Affect

Broad term encompassing feelings and emotional states.

Emotion

Specific, more intense, and often brief feelings.

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Mood

Extended emotional state.

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Exercise Intensity

The level of effort during an exercise session.

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Lactate Threshold

Point where lactate production exceeds body's removal rate.

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Ventilatory Threshold

Point where breathing rate increases dramatically during exercise.

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Mental Health

A state of well-being where individuals can function effectively, build relationships, adapt to change, and cope with adversity.

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Mental Illness

Diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in thoughts, mood, or behavior, causing distress and/or impaired functioning.

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Mental Health Problems

Signs or symptoms of mental distress that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a mental disorder, but still warrant attention and intervention.

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Prevalence of Mental Health Issues

In Canada, 1 in 5 individuals experiences a mental illness or addiction problem annually, and by age 40, 1 in 2 have or have had a mental illness.

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Anxiety

A natural human response to perceived threats or stressors, characterized by feelings of worry, fear, and uneasiness.

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Stress Response

The body's reaction to a perceived, real, or anticipated threat. Involves both mental and physical aspects.

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Amygdala

The brain region responsible for initiating the stress response.

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Homeostasis

Maintaining internal balance and stability, despite external changes.

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Allostasis

Achieving stability through change. Adapting to stress by changing various systems.

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Allostatic Load

The wear and tear on the body due to chronic stress. This includes physical and mental changes.

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Movement & Cognition

Our movements require complex brain functions like environmental awareness, quick decision-making, and precise coordination.

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Early Humans & Movement:

Early humans relied on robust movement to find food, water, and safety. This required them to learn effective strategies and cooperate with others.

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Brain Changes During Exercise

Exercise activates brain cells and increases blood flow to the brain.

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Acute Exercise Benefits

Short-term benefits of exercise include alertness (arousal), increased levels of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), improved cognitive performance, and positive mood.

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Chronic Exercise Benefits

Long-term effects of regular exercise include brain plasticity (increased brain adaptability), enhanced cognitive function, better mental health, and reduced risk of brain diseases.

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Exercise Duration & Cognition

Exercise duration plays a role in cognitive benefits, with longer durations generally showing more improvement.

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Exercise Intensity & Cognition

There's an optimal exercise intensity for cognitive benefits. Too low or too high can be less effective.

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Catecholamine Hypothesis

Proposes that exercise-induced release of dopamine and other catecholamines in the brain is responsible for improved cognition during exercise.

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Chronic Stress

Long-term stress that can negatively impact health, leading to conditions like heart disease.

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Exercise Training Impact

Regular exercise can help reduce the negative effects of stress on the body and mind.

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Optimal Exercise 'Dose'

The ideal amount and type of exercise needed for mental health benefits.

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Aerobic Training

Exercise that uses large muscle groups for sustained periods, like running or swimming.

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Resistance Training

Exercise that involves working against resistance, like lifting weights or doing bodyweight exercises.

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Anxiety Benefits

Aerobic training can help reduce anxiety levels, especially after several weeks of regular exercise.

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Training Impact on Anxiety

Regular aerobic training can significantly reduce anxiety levels, taking effect within 3-6 weeks.

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Eriksen Flanker Task

A test that measures inhibitory control, selective attention, and processing speed.

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Stroop Test

A classic test that measures selective attention and processing speed by asking you to name the color of ink used to write a word when the word itself is the name of a different color.

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Trail Making Test

A test that measures task-switching, visual search, and processing speed by having you connect numbers or letters in a specific sequence.

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What is the difference between congruent, incongruent, and neutral stimuli in the Stroop Test?

Congruent stimuli are when the word matches the ink color (e.g., 'red' written in red ink). Incongruent stimuli are when the word doesn't match the ink color (e.g., 'red' written in blue ink). Neutral stimuli are neutral, like shapes, that don't involve a word.

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Primary Appraisal

Evaluating whether a situation is stressful or threatening.

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Secondary Appraisal

Assessing resources and coping strategies to handle a perceived threat. Can I handle this?

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SAM Axis

The sympathetic adrenal medullary axis releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, preparing the body for fight or flight.

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HPA Axis

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis releases cortisol, regulating the body's long-term response to stress.

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Fight or Flight Response

The body's physiological response to perceived danger, triggering a cascade of changes to prepare for action.

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Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

Hormones released by the SAM axis, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, alertness, and preparing for action.

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Cortisol

Hormone released by the HPA axis, mobilizing energy, suppressing digestion and immunity, and managing long-term stress.

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Extraversion

A personality trait characterized by sociability, outgoingness, and a tendency to seek stimulation.

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Introversion

A personality trait characterized by a preference for solitude, quiet reflection, and a tendency to avoid excessive stimulation.

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Reticular Activating System (RAS)

A network of neurons in the brainstem that regulates alertness, arousal, and attention.

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Basal Activation

The level of activity in the brain at rest.

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How does exercise affect introverts?

Exercise can increase stimulation levels for introverts, potentially leading to heightened arousal and potentially making them feel more energized or even overwhelmed.

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How does exercise affect extroverts?

Exercise can provide extroverts with additional stimulation, which may lead to increased enjoyment, motivation, and a desire to engage in more physical activities.

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Eysenck's Theory of Personality

A theory proposing that personality traits have a neurobiological basis, particularly in brain structure and function.

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Neurobiological Basis of Personality

The idea that personality traits are influenced by brain structure, function, and neurochemical activity.

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Type A Personality

A personality type characterized by competitiveness, time urgency, hostility, and ambition. Often associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Type B Personality

A personality type characterized by a relaxed, patient, and easygoing approach to life. Often linked to lower stress levels and better cardiovascular health.

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Hardiness

A personality trait that buffers against stress and promotes resilience. It involves a sense of control, commitment, and challenge.

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How does personality impact exercise?

Personality traits influence exercise behavior. For example, individuals with a higher level of conscientiousness are more likely to adhere to exercise programs.

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Eysenck's Theory

This theory proposes three major personality dimensions: Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism. It suggests that these traits influence individual differences in behavior.

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Five-Factor Model

A widely accepted model describing five core personality traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

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How can exercise influence personality?

Exercise can positively influence personality traits like self-esteem, mood, and self-efficacy. It can also help reduce stress and anxiety, leading to a more balanced personality.

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Psilocybin and personality?

Research suggests that psilocybin use might be associated with increased openness to experience and a shift in personality traits. However, the long-term effects require further investigation.

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Mastery Hypothesis

The idea that the psychological benefits of exercise come from feelings of accomplishment and mastery. Achieving goals in exercise builds self-worth and a sense of control over your environment.

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Evolutionary Basis of Brain Health

Our brains evolved to support movement, and physical activity triggers adaptations that improve resilience and stress resistance, similar to how our muscles adapt to exercise.

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Neurochemical + Neurogenesis Hypothesis

Exercise releases pleasurable chemicals, like endorphins, and boosts brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes the growth of new brain cells (neurogenesis) in the hippocampus, a brain region crucial for learning and memory.

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Hippocampal Volume & Depression

Studies show a link between regular exercise training and increased hippocampal volume, which is associated with improved depression scores. Exercise can help your brain recover from the effects of depression.

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Sedentary Lifestyle & Stress

A sedentary lifestyle reduces the brain's capacity to adapt to stress and weakens its ability to buffer negative mental health symptoms. Regular movement is essential for mental well-being.

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Categorical Approach to Affect

This approach assumes that different feelings are distinct, like separate categories with unique characteristics and causes. It can lead to research bias if only certain feelings are studied.

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Dimensional Approach to Affect

This approach believes that feelings are interconnected and can be understood through a few key dimensions. It allows researchers to explore a wider range of feelings.

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Feeling Scale

A simple tool to measure how good or bad someone feels, using a number scale from -5 to +5. It focuses on the core feeling.

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Felt Arousal Scale (FAS)

A measure of how energized or excited someone feels, using a number scale. It helps understand how activated someone is.

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Exercise-Specific Measures

These are tools specifically designed to understand how exercise influences feelings. Examples are the Feeling Scale and the Felt Arousal Scale.

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Acute Exercise & Attention

Short bursts of exercise, like a 20-minute run, can quickly improve focus and attention, especially in kids with ADHD.

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HIIE & Brain Function

High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) leads to faster processing speed, fewer errors, and better selective attention, as seen in the d2 test.

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HIIE & Lecture Retention

Surprisingly, doing HIIE before a lecture doesn't necessarily improve remembering the material 24 hours later.

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Exercise & Academic Performance

Improved cognition from exercise may lead to better grades, but the specific impact depends on the type of task and how it's measured.

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Exercise Benefits for Kids

Exercise benefits for kids with ADHD are particularly significant, showing improvements in attention and academic performance.

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Personality and Exercise Lecture Notes PDF

Description

This quiz explores key concepts related to mental health, stress responses, and their physiological implications. It covers topics such as the role of the amygdala, allostasis versus homeostasis, and the impact of chronic stress. Test your knowledge on the relationship between exercise and mental health outcomes.

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