Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the function of estrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
What is the function of estrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
- They cause cyclic changes in the endometrium (correct)
- They regulate the menstrual flow
- They control the development of secondary sexual characteristics
- They stimulate ovulation
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by estrogen secreted by follicles?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is controlled by estrogen secreted by follicles?
- Proliferative phase (correct)
- Luteal phase
- Menstrual phase
- Ovulatory phase
What characterizes the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?
What characterizes the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?
- Functional layer of uterine wall is sloughed off and discarded (correct)
- Increase in thickness of endometrium
- Development of secondary sexual characteristics
- Stimulation of ovulation
What is the source of endometrial regeneration after each menses?
What is the source of endometrial regeneration after each menses?
What causes the glands to increase in number and length during the proliferative phase?
What causes the glands to increase in number and length during the proliferative phase?
What characterizes the ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle?
What characterizes the ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle?
What is the function of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?
What is the function of the corpus luteum in the ovarian cycle?
What occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
What occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
What is the role of FSH in the ovarian cycle?
What is the role of FSH in the ovarian cycle?
What is the significance of the 14th day of the menstrual cycle in relation to the ovarian cycle?
What is the significance of the 14th day of the menstrual cycle in relation to the ovarian cycle?
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Study Notes
Menstrual Cycle
- Menarche: the onset of menstruation, signaling bodily changes that transform a female body
- Average age of menarche: 12.8 years old
Characteristics of Menstruation
- Amount of bleeding varies from woman to woman
- Expulsion of blood clots
- Blood color can vary from bright red to dark maroon
- Usual frequency: every 25 to 32 days
Associated Symptoms
- Fluid retention
- Cramping
- Mood swings
- Weight gain
- Breast tenderness
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
Hormonal Control of Menstrual Cycle
- Hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis: regulates the menstrual cycle
- Hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
- GnRH stimulates pituitary to produce:
- FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone): promotes ovum maturation in follicles and estrogen production in ovaries
- LH (luteinizing hormone): stimulates release of mature ovum and development of corpus luteum (progesterone-secreting part of the follicle)
Negative Feedback Mechanism
- Each hormone is secreted until the organ it acts upon is stimulated
- The stimulated organ then secretes a hormone that reduces secretion of the first hormone
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