83 Questions
What is the function of the tubercles of Montgomery in the breast?
Protect the nipple
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of milk during nursing?
Oxytocin
What is the role of LH in the female reproductive system?
Promotes ovulation
When does the corpus luteum degenerate if the ovum is not fertilized?
During menstruation
What is the main function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
Produce alkaline fluid rich in fructose
What is the function of the levator ani muscle?
Supports the urethra, vagina, and rectum
Which type of pelvis is considered most favorable for delivery?
Gynegoid
What does Mittelschmerz refer to in relation to menstruation?
"Middle pain" around ovulation
What is the main function of the false pelvis?
Guides the fetus into the true pelvis
What is the function of Kegel exercises?
Strengthen the levator ani muscle
What is the function of the areola?
Darkened pigmented skin around the nipple
Which structure in the bony pelvis provides support and protection to pelvic organs?
Pelvic floor muscles
What is a common symptom experienced by women going through menopause?
Vaginal dryness
Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of the ovum in the ovarian follicle?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
At what age do girls usually begin to develop typically female curves?
10-12 years old
Where are spermatozoa produced in males?
Seminifierous tubules of the testes
Which hormone is responsible for helping to keep calcium in the bones to prevent osteoporosis?
Estrogen
What is one symptom commonly experienced by women with fibroids?
Enlarged abdomen or uterus
What is the primary function of testosterone in males?
Promotes the development of long bones
Which part of the female external genitalia is most sensitive to stimulation?
Clitoris
At what age range do hormonal changes due to testosterone typically begin in males?
10-16 years old
What is the function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?
Site of fertilization
Which hormone stimulates the thickening of the uterine lining and its shedding during menstruation?
Progesterone
What is the primary function of the myometrium in the uterus?
Muscle layer for contractions during childbirth
What is the function of Bartholin’s glands?
Lubricates the introitus during sexual arousal
Where does fertilization usually take place in the female reproductive system?
Ampulla of the fallopian tubes
What is the purpose of Skene’s ducts in the female reproductive system?
Lubricates the urethra and vaginal introitus
Which structure is primarily responsible for secreting a lubricant to provide bacteriostatic secretions to the vagina?
Corpus of the uterus
What is the primary function of lactiferous ducts in the female breast?
Express milk from the alveolar glands to reach the nipple
Where does the ovum usually meet sperm for fertilization in the female reproductive system?
Infundibulum of the fallopian tubes
Which organ in the male reproductive system creates nourishing fluid filled with sugar for the sperm?
Seminal vesicles
What is the main function of the Cowper's gland or Bulbourethral gland in the male reproductive system?
Coat and flush the urethra prior to ejaculation
Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone in the male reproductive system?
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)
Where does sperm mature and stay for 2-10 days before being carried to the penis for ejaculation?
Epididymis
What is the primary role of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?
Secrete alkaline fluid to mix with semen for sperm motility and survival
What is the function of the ductus vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
Connected to the ejaculatory duct for ejaculation
Which structure below helps with the ejaculation of semen by mixing its fluid with fluid from Cowper's gland?
Prostate gland
Where does spermatogenesis begin in the male reproductive system?
Testes
What is the function of the urethra in the male reproductive system?
Carry urine to the outside of the body and connect with ejaculatory duct for ejaculation
What is the primary function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
Release testosterone which stimulates sperm cells to make sperm
What is the primary function of the levator ani muscle?
Support the uterus
Which structure dictates the bony limits of the birth canal?
True pelvis
What is the main function of the areola in the breast?
Express milk
Which type of pelvis is wedge-shaped with a narrow anterior segment and more common in males?
Android pelvis
What are the functions of the false pelvis?
Guide fetus into true pelvis
What is the function of Kegel exercises?
Strengthen the levator ani muscle
What is the role of the tubercles of Montgomery in the breast?
Secrete milk during lactation
During which phase of the uterine cycle does the endometrium slough off?
Menstrual Phase
What hormone stimulates final maturation and release of the ovum during ovulation?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Which phase of the female reproductive and menstruation cycle involves increased Progesterone to thicken the endometrium?
Luteal or Secretory Phase
What is the primary function of the Skene's ducts in the female reproductive system?
Lubricates the urethra and vaginal introitus
What is the primary role of the Cooper's ligaments in the breast?
Support the breast
Which structure divides the external and internal genitalia?
Vaginal Introitus
Where is the fundus located in the uterus?
Top portion
What is the function of Rugae in the female reproductive system?
Allows stretching during sexual intercourse and childbirth
Which part of the female reproductive system thickens under estrogen and progesterone influence?
Endometrium
What is the primary role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
Stimulates the growth of pubic and axillary hair
Which external genital structure in females is known for its lubricating and bactericidal properties?
Labia minora
What is the main function of Skene's ducts in the female reproductive system?
Lubricates the introitus during sexual arousal
Which ligament supports and holds the uterus in place?
Cardinal Ligaments
What is the function of the mucous plug produced in the cervical canal during pregnancy?
Provides alkaline environment for sperm
What does the myometrium primarily consist of?
Muscular layer
What is the primary role of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES in the male reproductive system?
Produce spermatozoa
Which hormone is responsible for causing the FOLLICLE TO RUPTURE, RELEASING THE OVUM (OVULATION) in the female reproductive system?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the function of the BASAL METABOLIC RATE in relation to puberty?
Regulates energy expenditure
Where does ESTROGEN signal the anterior pituitary to release LH in the female reproductive system?
Ovaries
Which hormone is responsible for SIGNALING SERTOLI CELLS TO NOURISH SPERM in the male reproductive system?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Describe a primary effect of PROGESTERONE in the female reproductive system.
Thicken the uterine lining for implantation
What is the primary function of the sertoli cells in the male reproductive system?
Secrete nourishment for sperm cells
Which structure in the male reproductive system stores sperm for 2-10 days and carries sperm to the penis for ejaculation?
Epididymis
What is the main function of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
Create nourishing fluid for sperm
Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone in the male reproductive system?
Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
Where does spermatogenesis begin in the male reproductive system?
Testes
What is the primary function of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
Release testosterone
Which structure below helps with the ejaculation of semen by mixing its fluid with fluid from Cowper's gland?
Prostate Gland
What is the function of the Cowper's gland or Bulbourethral gland in the male reproductive system?
Coat and flush the urethra prior to ejaculation
What is the primary function of the false pelvis?
Support and protect pelvic organs
What is the role of ICSH (Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone) in spermatogenesis?
Stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone
What is the primary role of Leydig cells in the male reproductive system?
Produce testosterone
Which structure in the male reproductive system stores sperm for 2-10 days and carries sperm to the penis for ejaculation?
Epididymis
What is the main function of the urethra in the male reproductive system?
Carry urine to the outside of the body
Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone in the male reproductive system?
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
What is one of the main functions of the Cowper's gland or Bulbourethral gland in the male reproductive system?
Coat and flush the urethra prior to ejaculation
Study Notes
- Estrogen is released by developing ovaries, leading to the development of secondary sex characteristics in females such as breast buds, growth spurt, broadening of hips, and the appearance of pubic and axillary hair.
- The first menstrual period (menarche) typically occurs around 2 to 2.5 years after breast development, usually around 12 to 14 years of age.
- Testosterone is responsible for hormonal changes in males between 10 and 16 years old, resulting in secondary sex characteristics like increased muscle mass, growth of long bones, deepening of voice, and enlargement of penis and testes.
- The female external genitalia, collectively known as the vulva, includes structures like the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vaginal vestibule, and perineum.
- The male reproductive system is characterized by external genitalia like the penis and scrotum, as well as internal structures such as the testes that produce sperm and male hormones.
- The female reproductive system consists of internal organs like the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, with the ovaries responsible for hormone production and maturation of ova during each reproductive cycle.
- Menstruation cycle involves regular changes in hormone secretions from the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, ovary, and endometrial lining of the uterus, with four key hormones involved in the process.
- The bony pelvis supports and protects pelvic organs, forms the birth passageway, and includes structures like the pelvic floor muscles and different types of pelvis configurations.
Test your knowledge on common symptoms such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue, and fibroids like leiomyomas. Learn about the age group affected, prevalence in Black women, and associated conditions like obesity and hypertension.
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