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Questions and Answers
What is the most common cause of meningitis, especially in children?
What is the most common cause of meningitis, especially in children?
- Fungal infections
- Parasitic infections
- Viral infections (correct)
- Bacterial infections
Where is the largest burden of meningococcal meningitis observed?
Where is the largest burden of meningococcal meningitis observed?
- Sub-Saharan Africa (correct)
- North America
- Europe
- Asia-Pacific region
What is recommended before starting antibiotics for meningococcal meningitis?
What is recommended before starting antibiotics for meningococcal meningitis?
- Blood test
- Lumbar puncture (correct)
- Chest X-ray
- Urinalysis
What has contributed to the decline in total number of cases for Influenza?
What has contributed to the decline in total number of cases for Influenza?
Why is it difficult to obtain reliable estimates of global meningococcal disease burden?
Why is it difficult to obtain reliable estimates of global meningococcal disease burden?
What is the main reason for the lack of reliable global estimates of meningococcal disease burden?
What is the main reason for the lack of reliable global estimates of meningococcal disease burden?
What is the largest burden of meningococcal disease observed?
What is the largest burden of meningococcal disease observed?
What is the recommended action before starting antibiotics for meningococcal meningitis?
What is the recommended action before starting antibiotics for meningococcal meningitis?
What has contributed to the decline in total number of cases for Influenza?
What has contributed to the decline in total number of cases for Influenza?
What is the most common cause of meningitis, especially in children?
What is the most common cause of meningitis, especially in children?
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Study Notes
Meningococcal Disease
- Global statistics show that in 1990, Neisseria meningitidis was the most common cause of meningitis, whereas in 2019, Streptococcus pneumoniae became the most common cause.
Age-specific Causative Agents
-
In adults, the most common causes of meningitis are:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Listeria monocytogenes
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In neonates, the most common cause is Strep agalactiae, a normal flora in the vagina of pregnant women.
Change in Prevalence
- There has been a significant decrease in Haemophilus influenzae cases between 1990 and 2019.
Meningitic Belt
- The meningitic belt is a region in Africa where outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis were common, particularly in 1990.
Current Trends
- As of 2019, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella Pneumoniae are the most common causes of meningitis in all age groups.
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