Meningitis and HPV Vaccine Overview

HIB and pneumococcal vaccines reduce meningitis rates, especially in infants.

Recommended for immunocompromised, asplenic, and chronically ill patients.

Recommended for adults over 65.

Routinely given to children (11-12) and boosted at 16 for meningitis prevention.

Recommended for college students, military, and those with complement deficiency or asplenia.

Rifampin, ceftriaxone, or ciprofloxacin for close contacts of meningitis patients.

FDA-approved for ages 9-26 (girls) and 9-21 (boys), preventing HPV-related cancers.

Available for all ages to prevent HBV infection.

Check tetanus immunization history after any trauma.

Administer Td toxoid and TIG if unknown status, no booster in 10 years, or fewer than 3 lifetime doses.

Recommended for all ages.

Recommend after Tdap for tetanus-prone wounds >5 years from last Td.

<3 doses: Td and TIG. >3 doses: Td if >5 years since last.

<3 lifetime doses: Td. >3 doses: Td if >10 years since last.

Checking the vaccination history for tetanus protection after trauma.

Effective in preventing HIB type meningitis.

HPV vaccine prevents cancers caused by HPV.

Hepatitis B vaccine protects against infection.

Check tetanus immunization history after any trauma.

Preventative drug treatment for those exposed.

The idea that children learn and develop through interactions with others, including parents, peers, and society.

This theory focuses on how children develop moral reasoning and understanding of right and wrong through social interactions.

This theory suggests that girls develop differently than boys, with a greater emphasis on caring and relationships.

Focuses on how people develop their understanding of faith and meaning in life through different stages.

Emphasizes the role of culture and social interaction in child development.

This theory believes that learning happens through rewards and punishments for behaviors.

This theory states that children learn through observation and imitation of others.

This theory proposes that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top.

A theory that links conscious and unconscious mind interactions, involving the id, ego, and superego. It emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences on personality development.

Focusing on children, Anna Freud applied psychoanalytic theory to help parents understand how unmet needs during critical development can affect their children.

Erikson's theory describes stages of individual development throughout life, highlighting the importance of mastering each stage's unique challenge to avoid revisit in later life.

Sullivan emphasized the role of self-concept and environmental influences. He believed parents and the home environment are crucial for development, and communication skills influence relationship maturity.

Mahler's theory, based on the mother-infant dyad, describes how infants evolve from dependence to independence through three stages: autism, symbiosis, and separation-individuation.

Stern, along with Emde and Buchsbaum, believes a consistent and supportive infant-caregiver relationship helps infants develop a strong sense of self.

Trevarthen and Aitken propose that infants develop self-regulation abilities based on their intrinsic motive formation (IMF), leading to 'purposive consciousness.'

These theories highlight the crucial role of early experiences and relationships in shaping a child's personality, development, and future well-being.

A stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where children (ages 2-7) are developing their understanding of the world around them. They are becoming less egocentric and more social.

A child's inability to see things from another person's perspective. They focus on their own thoughts and feelings and have difficulty understanding that others may have different perspectives.

The stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development where children (ages 7-12) start to develop more logical thinking abilities. They are better at understanding abstract concepts and can start to organize information.

The final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, starting in adolescence. At this stage, individuals are capable of thinking abstractly and systematically, and are able to consider different solutions to problems.

In the preoperational stage, children begin to develop a sense of logic based on their observations, but their reasoning is often flawed.

Children in this stage become less egocentric and are able to understand different perspectives, and they can better coordinate actions with others.

While adolescents experience a renewed egocentrism, they are able to appreciate different perspectives and understanding that other people might have different beliefs and values.

While preoperational stage focuses on concrete aspects of the world with intuitive reasoning, the concrete operational stage is characterized by more logical reasoning and the ability to understand abstract concepts.

A field that combines elements of sociology, psychology, and economics to understand human behavior.

Making quick decisions without much conscious thought.

How societal norms and beliefs shape our behavior.

The environment and situations that influence our behavior.

A theory that explains how family dynamics influence individual behavior.

The ability to maintain a sense of self while connecting emotionally with others.

Reacting emotionally without conscious thought or communication.

Problems within a family that can arise from poor differentiation of self and high emotional fusion.

This theory explains how family environment affects a child's development, emphasizing that families evolve over time and learned behaviors are passed down. It also highlights the biological imperative to reproduce and how social skills are learned through family interactions.

A parent-child relationship where parents are less focused on traditional parenting roles and allow for more independence and less control. This can lead to a more relaxed and positive dynamic between parent and child.

This theory focuses on the parent as the primary caregiver and details how their role evolves as the child grows. Six key parenting characteristics change importance based on the child's developmental needs.

Cultural and ethnic traditions strongly influence a child's development, leading to normal differences between cultural groups. Parents' responses to their children also vary based on cultural norms.

Tools like genograms, eco-maps, and family functioning models are helpful for identifying family strengths, beliefs, and practices. It's important to be aware of your own cultural biases.

Giving parents information about expected child development stages and how to manage them. It helps them plan for upcoming changes, improve parenting skills, and feel more confident.

A framework used in anticipatory guidance that offers a structured approach to providing parents with information about child development.

This approach respects each family's unique beliefs, cultural values, and learning styles when providing care.

Signs or behaviors that indicate a possible delay or problem in a child's development. They are used to identify children who need further evaluation.

Tools used at regular check-ups to assess a child's developmental progress. They help identify potential delays early on.

When dealing with developmental concerns, this focuses on the child's strengths and abilities rather than just the problems.

These factors influence a child's health and development. Vulnerability means being susceptible to problems, while resilience refers to the ability to overcome challenges.

Organizations or specialists that can help children with developmental delays or other concerns. They can provide further evaluation, treatment, or support services.

Primary care providers play a crucial role in monitoring children's development, offering guidance to families, and supporting them through life changes. This requires a strong understanding of child development and diverse childrearing approaches.

Development proceeds from head to toe, meaning infants gain head control before sitting or walking. This is one of the principles of child development.

Development progresses from the center of the body outward, with controlled movements first toward the midline and then extending to the extremities. This is another principle of child development.

Developmental abilities become increasingly integrated, with behaviors resulting from multiple small changes and skills. This is another principle of child development.

A child's environment, including play, social norms, culture, and family traditions, all contribute to their growth and development. Children also influence their environment.

In the Preoperational Stage, children begin to reason based on their observations, but their logic is often flawed and needs further development.

As children enter the Concrete Operational Stage, their ability to understand others' perspectives and coordinate actions with them improves.

Although adolescents experience a renewed egocentrism, they also start to appreciate differences in opinions and understand that others may have different values.

While the Preoperational Stage focuses on the concrete world with intuitive reasoning, the Concrete Operational Stage is characterized by more logical thinking and the ability to understand abstract concepts.

Anna Freud applied psychoanalytic theory to help parents understand how unmet needs during crucial development could affect their children.

Sullivan believed that self-concept and environmental influences, especially parents and home environment, shape development. Communication skills are crucial for healthy relationships.

This theory describes the infant's journey from dependence to independence in three stages: autism, symbiosis, and separation-individuation. It focuses on the mother-infant dyad.

Stern, with Emde and Buchsbaum, believed that a consistent and supportive infant-caregiver relationship aids in developing a strong sense of self in infants.

Trevarthen and Aitken proposed that infants develop self-regulation based on their intrinsic motive formation (IMF), ultimately leading to 'purposive consciousness'.

These theories highlight the crucial role of early experiences and relationships in shaping a child's personality, development, and future well-being.