Mendel's Law of Segregation

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Questions and Answers

What is the key principle of Mendel's law of segregation?

Only one of the two alleles for a gene is put into a gamete (correct)

Alleles for different genes are inherited together

Both alleles are passed to the offspring together

Each parent contributes two alleles for each gene

What happens during meiosis according to Mendel's law of segregation?

Each gamete gets two copies of each gene

Each gamete gets no genes

Each gamete gets one copy of each gene (correct)

Each gamete gets three copies of each gene

How many alleles for each gene do offspring receive from each parent?

No alleles from parents

Four alleles from both parents

Two alleles from one parent

One allele from each parent (correct)

What characteristic do heterozygous pea plants have?

Two different alleles for a gene Signup and view all the answers

Which process ensures that each gamete gets one copy of each gene?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What did Gregor Mendel discover through his work on pea plants?

The fundamental laws of inheritance Signup and view all the answers

What is Mendel's First Law, the Principle of Dominance?

Alleles can be dominant or recessive Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's experiments, what phenotype do heterozygous offspring express?

Only the dominant trait Signup and view all the answers

What illustrates Mendel's principle of dominance?

Crossing pure round-seeded plants with wrinkled-seeded plants resulting in round-seeded offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the proportion of round seeds when a homozygous dominant round seed plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive wrinkled seed plant?

100% Signup and view all the answers

What does Mendel's Second Law, the Law of Independent Assortment, describe?

Alleles for a trait do not influence each other during segregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Mendel's work in 1865?

He published his results that laid down the foundation for genetics Signup and view all the answers

How many pea plants did Mendel grow during his experiments?

Over 28,000 Signup and view all the answers

What happens during gamete formation according to Mendel's second law?

Alleles for each trait segregate independently Signup and view all the answers

What unique combination is created during fertilization according to the Law of Independent Assortment?

A unique combination of alleles from each parent Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mendel's Law of Segregation

Only one allele for a gene is placed into a gamete during meiosis.
At fertilization, offspring receive one allele for each gene from each parent.

Heterozygous Pea Plant

Has two different alleles (white, purple) for the same gene (flower color).

Mendel's Work

Mendel discovered fundamental laws of inheritance through his work on pea plants.
He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.
He recognized that genes can be tracked in offspring as dominant or recessive traits.
He discovered mathematical patterns of inheritance from one generation to the next.

Mendel's First Law: The Principle of Dominance

Alleles can be dominant or recessive.
If an individual has at least one dominant allele, they will display the phenotype of that allele.
In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait will appear in the next generation.
All offspring will be heterozygous and express only the dominant trait.
Example: The cross of a homozygous dominant round seed (RR) with a homozygous recessive wrinkled seed (rr) yields only heterozygous round seeds (Rr).

Mendel's Second Law: The Law of Independent Assortment

Alleles for each trait separate from each other during gamete formation.
Alleles from each parent get mixed up during fertilization, creating a unique combination for each offspring.
It's like shuffling a deck of cards so that each gamete gets a mix of alleles, and then dealing a new hand of cards during fertilization.

Mendel's Principles Explained

Alleles are different versions of a gene.
Dominant alleles always show their trait if they're present, while recessive alleles only show their trait if no dominant allele is present.
If an individual has at least one dominant allele, they'll display its phenotype.
In a cross of parents pure for contrasting traits, only one form of the trait appears in the next generation.
Example: In Mendel's experiments with pea plants, when he crossed pure round-seeded plants (RR) with pure wrinkled-seeded plants (rr), all the offspring had round seeds (Rr), demonstrating the dominance of the round seed trait over the wrinkled seed trait.

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Description

This quiz covers Mendel's law of segregation, where one allele for a gene is put into a gamete, and offspring receive one allele from each parent. It also explores meiosis and heterozygous pea plants.