38 Questions
What is the genetic makeup of an individual called?
Genotype
What is the term for the dominant gene in an allelic pair?
Dominant
What is the result of inheriting one allele from each parent?
Genotype
What is the term for the trait that is masked by the dominant characteristic?
Recessive
What is the result of having two identical alleles?
Homozygous
What is the term for the physical expression of an allele?
Phenotype
How many alleles do parents have?
2
What is the term for the number of alleles an individual inherits from their parents?
Diploid
What is an individual with a genotype of Tt an example of?
Heterozygous
What is the physical appearance of an organism known as?
Phenotype
What is the result of the segregation of alleles during meiosis?
Each gamete contains only one allele for each trait
What is the term for the combination of alleles during fertilization?
Recombination
What is the genotype of an individual that expresses a tall phenotype?
Either TT or Tt
What is Mendel's 2nd Law known as?
The Law of Segregation and Recombination
What is the process of segregation of genes during gamete formation?
Independent assortment
What did Mendel discover in peas that influenced each trait?
Two alleles
How did Mendel begin his experiment with pea plants?
By cross-pollinating pure plants with contrasting traits
What did Mendel observe in the first generation (F1) of his experiment?
Only tall plants
What is represented by the letters 'TT' and 'tt' in Mendel's experiment?
Alleles
What is the purpose of crossing two F1 tall plants in Mendel's experiment?
To study the inheritance of traits
What is the result of the cross between 'TT' and 'tt' in Mendel's experiment?
Offspring are a mix of 'TT' and 'tt'
What is the significance of Mendel's experiment with pea plants?
It established the laws of inheritance and the concept of alleles
What is the term for the mixture of red and white hairs that give a brownish appearance?
Roan
What is the result of crossing a CR and a CW?
Roan coat
What is an example of incomplete dominance?
Snap dragons or Japanese 4 o'clock flowers
What is the law that states that two traits will be inherited independently of each other?
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
What is the genotype of a roan coat?
CR CW
What is the study of heredity known as?
Genetics
What is the result of crossing a RR and a WW?
Pink coat
What is the term for the inheritance of two traits that are influenced by separate genes?
Independent assortment
Who is considered the founder of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What happens to the alleles for different traits during gamete formation?
They segregate into separate gametes
Why did Mendel choose to work with pea plants?
They are inexpensive and have controlled reproduction
What is an example of a contrasting characteristic in pea plants?
All of the above
What is the principle of dominance in genetics?
One form of a trait is hidden by another form
What is the process of segregation during meiosis?
Splitting of chromosomes during meiosis
What is recombination in genetics?
The combination of chromosomes from both parents
How many principles of heredity did Mendel develop?
4
Study Notes
Mendel's Work
- Mendel worked with pea plants to study heredity, as they are inexpensive, easy to control, and produce many offspring.
- He used pea plants with contrasting characteristics, such as:
- Seeds: round or wrinkled
- Seed color: yellow or green
- Height: tall or short
- Flowers: white or purple
- Pod color: yellow or green
Mendel's Laws
- Law of Segregation: alleles separate during meiosis, resulting in each gamete containing only one gene for each trait.
- Law of Independent Assortment: two traits will be inherited independently of each other, provided their genes are located on non-homologous chromosomes.
Dominance and Recessiveness
- Dominance: one form of a hereditary trait dominates or prevents the expression of the recessive trait.
- Recessive: the trait that is masked by the dominant characteristic.
- Examples:
- TT = tall
- Tt = tall (dominant allele masks recessive allele)
- tt = short
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual, represented by letters (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).
- Phenotype: the physical appearance of an individual, resulting from the expression of the genotype.
- Examples:
- Genotype: TT, Phenotype: tall
- Genotype: Tt, Phenotype: tall
- Genotype: tt, Phenotype: short
Incomplete Dominance
- Incomplete Dominance: sometimes an allele is only partly dominant over another.
- In a heterozygote, the dominant allele is only partially expressed, and the phenotype is between the two homozygous forms.
- Examples:
- Snapdragons or Japanese 4 o'clock flowers
- RR = red
- WW = white
- RW = pink
Mendel's Contribution
- Mendel developed the basic principles of heredity without knowledge of genes or chromosomes.
- His work laid the foundation for modern genetics.
This quiz covers the concept of independent assortment of genes during gamete formation, as discovered by Gregor Mendel through his pea plant experiments.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
