Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
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Questions and Answers

What is the genetic makeup of an individual called?

  • Allele
  • Dominance
  • Genotype (correct)
  • Phenotype

    • What is the term for the dominant gene in an allelic pair?

  • Allele
  • Dominance
  • Recessive
  • Dominant (correct)

    • What is the result of inheriting one allele from each parent?

  • Allele
  • Genotype (correct)
  • Genetic Makeup
  • Phenotype

    • What is the term for the trait that is masked by the dominant characteristic?

    <p>Recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having two identical alleles?

    <p>Homozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical expression of an allele?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many alleles do parents have?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the number of alleles an individual inherits from their parents?

    <p>Diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an individual with a genotype of Tt an example of?

    <p>Heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical appearance of an organism known as?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the segregation of alleles during meiosis?

    <p>Each gamete contains only one allele for each trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of alleles during fertilization?

    <p>Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of an individual that expresses a tall phenotype?

    <p>Either TT or Tt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Mendel's 2nd Law known as?

    <p>The Law of Segregation and Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of segregation of genes during gamete formation?

    <p>Independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel discover in peas that influenced each trait?

    <p>Two alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mendel begin his experiment with pea plants?

    <p>By cross-pollinating pure plants with contrasting traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendel observe in the first generation (F1) of his experiment?

    <p>Only tall plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the letters 'TT' and 'tt' in Mendel's experiment?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of crossing two F1 tall plants in Mendel's experiment?

    <p>To study the inheritance of traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cross between 'TT' and 'tt' in Mendel's experiment?

    <p>Offspring are a mix of 'TT' and 'tt'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Mendel's experiment with pea plants?

    <p>It established the laws of inheritance and the concept of alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mixture of red and white hairs that give a brownish appearance?

    <p>Roan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of crossing a CR and a CW?

    <p>Roan coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of incomplete dominance?

    <p>Snap dragons or Japanese 4 o'clock flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law that states that two traits will be inherited independently of each other?

    <p>Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of a roan coat?

    <p>CR CW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of heredity known as?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of crossing a RR and a WW?

    <p>Pink coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inheritance of two traits that are influenced by separate genes?

    <p>Independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the founder of genetics?

    <p>Gregor Mendel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the alleles for different traits during gamete formation?

    <p>They segregate into separate gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Mendel choose to work with pea plants?

    <p>They are inexpensive and have controlled reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a contrasting characteristic in pea plants?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of dominance in genetics?

    <p>One form of a trait is hidden by another form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of segregation during meiosis?

    <p>Splitting of chromosomes during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recombination in genetics?

    <p>The combination of chromosomes from both parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many principles of heredity did Mendel develop?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mendel's Work

    • Mendel worked with pea plants to study heredity, as they are inexpensive, easy to control, and produce many offspring.
    • He used pea plants with contrasting characteristics, such as:
      • Seeds: round or wrinkled
      • Seed color: yellow or green
      • Height: tall or short
      • Flowers: white or purple
      • Pod color: yellow or green

    Mendel's Laws

    • Law of Segregation: alleles separate during meiosis, resulting in each gamete containing only one gene for each trait.
    • Law of Independent Assortment: two traits will be inherited independently of each other, provided their genes are located on non-homologous chromosomes.

    Dominance and Recessiveness

    • Dominance: one form of a hereditary trait dominates or prevents the expression of the recessive trait.
    • Recessive: the trait that is masked by the dominant characteristic.
    • Examples:
      • TT = tall
      • Tt = tall (dominant allele masks recessive allele)
      • tt = short

    Genotype and Phenotype

    • Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual, represented by letters (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).
    • Phenotype: the physical appearance of an individual, resulting from the expression of the genotype.
    • Examples:
      • Genotype: TT, Phenotype: tall
      • Genotype: Tt, Phenotype: tall
      • Genotype: tt, Phenotype: short

    Incomplete Dominance

    • Incomplete Dominance: sometimes an allele is only partly dominant over another.
    • In a heterozygote, the dominant allele is only partially expressed, and the phenotype is between the two homozygous forms.
    • Examples:
      • Snapdragons or Japanese 4 o'clock flowers
      • RR = red
      • WW = white
      • RW = pink

    Mendel's Contribution

    • Mendel developed the basic principles of heredity without knowledge of genes or chromosomes.
    • His work laid the foundation for modern genetics.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of independent assortment of genes during gamete formation, as discovered by Gregor Mendel through his pea plant experiments.

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