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Questions and Answers
What is the appearance of the F1 generation?
What is the appearance of the F1 generation?
- No flowers
- Purple flowers (correct)
- Mix of purple and white flowers
- White flowers
What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in the F2 generation?
What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in the F2 generation?
- 4:1
- 1:1
- 2:1
- 3:1 (correct)
What is the term for an organism with two identical alleles for a character?
What is the term for an organism with two identical alleles for a character?
- Genotype
- Homozygote (correct)
- Heterozygote
- Phenotype
What is the genetic makeup of the P generation with purple flowers?
What is the genetic makeup of the P generation with purple flowers?
What is the characteristic of heterozygotes?
What is the characteristic of heterozygotes?
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?
What is the ratio of gametes P to gametes p in the F1 generation?
What is the ratio of gametes P to gametes p in the F1 generation?
What is the characteristic of an organism with two different alleles for a gene?
What is the characteristic of an organism with two different alleles for a gene?
What is the characteristic of the parents in the P Generation in the experiment?
What is the characteristic of the parents in the P Generation in the experiment?
What is the outcome of the F1 Generation in the experiment?
What is the outcome of the F1 Generation in the experiment?
What is the purpose of self- or cross-pollination in the experiment?
What is the purpose of self- or cross-pollination in the experiment?
What is the ratio of purple to white flowers in the F2 Generation?
What is the ratio of purple to white flowers in the F2 Generation?
What is the total number of plants in the F2 Generation?
What is the total number of plants in the F2 Generation?
What is the characteristic of the F1 Generation plants?
What is the characteristic of the F1 Generation plants?
What is the purpose of the experiment?
What is the purpose of the experiment?
What can be concluded from the results of the F2 Generation?
What can be concluded from the results of the F2 Generation?
What is a characteristic of quantitative characters?
What is a characteristic of quantitative characters?
What is the likely genetic basis of a complex trait like height?
What is the likely genetic basis of a complex trait like height?
What is the expected dihybrid F2 ratio when heterozygous black labs (genotype BbEe) are mated?
What is the expected dihybrid F2 ratio when heterozygous black labs (genotype BbEe) are mated?
What is the phenotypic ratio of black labs to chocolate labs to yellow labs in the F2 generation?
What is the phenotypic ratio of black labs to chocolate labs to yellow labs in the F2 generation?
What is the term for the effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype?
What is the term for the effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype?
Which of the following traits is an example of polygenic inheritance?
Which of the following traits is an example of polygenic inheritance?
What is the effect of epistatic interactions on the dihybrid F2 ratio?
What is the effect of epistatic interactions on the dihybrid F2 ratio?
What is the likely number of genes controlling a complex trait like skin color?
What is the likely number of genes controlling a complex trait like skin color?
What is the genotype of the heterozygous black labs being mated?
What is the genotype of the heterozygous black labs being mated?
What is a key feature of polygenic inheritance?
What is a key feature of polygenic inheritance?
What is the purpose of a Punnett square in this scenario?
What is the purpose of a Punnett square in this scenario?
What is the ratio of black labs to chocolate labs in the F2 generation?
What is the ratio of black labs to chocolate labs in the F2 generation?
What is the significance of the 9:3:3:1 ratio in this scenario?
What is the significance of the 9:3:3:1 ratio in this scenario?
What is the role of epistatic interactions in the production of different phenotypes?
What is the role of epistatic interactions in the production of different phenotypes?
What is the genotype of the P generation in Figure 14.8?
What is the genotype of the P generation in Figure 14.8?
What is the predicted phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of dependent assortment?
What is the predicted phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of dependent assortment?
What is the number of expected offspring with the genotype YyRr in the F2 generation?
What is the number of expected offspring with the genotype YyRr in the F2 generation?
What is the actual phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation?
What is the actual phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation?
What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the F1 generation?
What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the F1 generation?
What is the predicted number of offspring with the phenotype YYRR in the F2 generation?
What is the predicted number of offspring with the phenotype YYRR in the F2 generation?
What is the significance of the results of the F2 generation?
What is the significance of the results of the F2 generation?
What is the total number of offspring in the F2 generation?
What is the total number of offspring in the F2 generation?
What is the genotype of the offspring with the phenotype YyRr in the F2 generation?
What is the genotype of the offspring with the phenotype YyRr in the F2 generation?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of independent assortment?
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of independent assortment?
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Study Notes
Mendel's Experiment
- P Generation: True-breeding parents with purple and white flowers
- F1 Generation: All plants had purple flowers after self- or cross-pollination
- F2 Generation: 705 purple-flowered plants and 224 white-flowered plants
Genetic Vocabulary
- Homozygote: An organism with two identical alleles for a character
- Heterozygote: An organism with two different alleles for a gene
- Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a gene
- Heterozygous: An organism with two different alleles for a gene
Punnett Square
- P Generation: PP (homozygous dominant) and pp (homozygous recessive) parents
- F1 Generation: Pp (heterozygous) offspring with a 1:1 ratio of P and p gametes
- F2 Generation: PP, Pp, and pp genotypes in a 1:2:1 ratio
Independent Assortment
- Hypothesis of Independent Assortment: Alleles of different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation
- Predicted Ratio: 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation
Epistasis
- Epistatic Interactions: Interactions between genes that affect the phenotype
- Modified Ratios: Epistasis can produce modified versions of the 9:3:3:1 ratio
Dihybrid Cross
- BbEe Parents: Heterozygous for two genes, B and E
- F2 Ratio: 9 black : 3 chocolate : 4 yellow labs
- Punnett Square: A 4x4 grid showing all possible genotypes and phenotypes
Polygenic Inheritance
- Quantitative Characters: Traits that vary in the population along a continuum
- Polygenic Inheritance: An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype
- Height: An example of polygenic inheritance, affected by over 180 genes
- Skin Color: Also controlled by many separately inherited genes
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