Mendel's Experiment on Inheritance
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Questions and Answers

What is the appearance of the F1 generation?

  • No flowers
  • Purple flowers (correct)
  • Mix of purple and white flowers
  • White flowers

    • What is the ratio of purple flowers to white flowers in the F2 generation?

  • 4:1
  • 1:1
  • 2:1
  • 3:1 (correct)

    • What is the term for an organism with two identical alleles for a character?

  • Genotype
  • Homozygote (correct)
  • Heterozygote
  • Phenotype

    • What is the genetic makeup of the P generation with purple flowers?

    <p>PP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of heterozygotes?

    <p>They are not true-breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of gametes P to gametes p in the F1 generation?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an organism with two different alleles for a gene?

    <p>It is a heterozygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the parents in the P Generation in the experiment?

    <p>They are true-breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the F1 Generation in the experiment?

    <p>All plants had purple flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of self- or cross-pollination in the experiment?

    <p>To produce hybrid offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of purple to white flowers in the F2 Generation?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of plants in the F2 Generation?

    <p>929</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the F1 Generation plants?

    <p>They produce hybrid offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the experiment?

    <p>To study the inheritance of flower color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded from the results of the F2 Generation?

    <p>The trait of flower color is determined by a single gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of quantitative characters?

    <p>They vary in the population along a continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely genetic basis of a complex trait like height?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected dihybrid F2 ratio when heterozygous black labs (genotype BbEe) are mated?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenotypic ratio of black labs to chocolate labs to yellow labs in the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3:4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is an example of polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Skin color in humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of epistatic interactions on the dihybrid F2 ratio?

    <p>They produce modified versions of the 9:3:3:1 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely number of genes controlling a complex trait like skin color?

    <p>Many</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the heterozygous black labs being mated?

    <p>BbEe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of polygenic inheritance?

    <p>The effect of each gene is additive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square in this scenario?

    <p>To predict the dihybrid F2 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of black labs to chocolate labs in the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 9:3:3:1 ratio in this scenario?

    <p>It is the theoretical dihybrid F2 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of epistatic interactions in the production of different phenotypes?

    <p>They modify the dihybrid F2 ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the P generation in Figure 14.8?

    <p>YYRR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of dependent assortment?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of expected offspring with the genotype YyRr in the F2 generation?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the F1 generation?

    <p>YR and yr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted number of offspring with the phenotype YYRR in the F2 generation?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the results of the F2 generation?

    <p>They support the hypothesis of independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of offspring in the F2 generation?

    <p>456</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the offspring with the phenotype YyRr in the F2 generation?

    <p>YyRr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation according to the hypothesis of independent assortment?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mendel's Experiment

    • P Generation: True-breeding parents with purple and white flowers
    • F1 Generation: All plants had purple flowers after self- or cross-pollination
    • F2 Generation: 705 purple-flowered plants and 224 white-flowered plants

    Genetic Vocabulary

    • Homozygote: An organism with two identical alleles for a character
    • Heterozygote: An organism with two different alleles for a gene
    • Homozygous: An organism with two identical alleles for a gene
    • Heterozygous: An organism with two different alleles for a gene

    Punnett Square

    • P Generation: PP (homozygous dominant) and pp (homozygous recessive) parents
    • F1 Generation: Pp (heterozygous) offspring with a 1:1 ratio of P and p gametes
    • F2 Generation: PP, Pp, and pp genotypes in a 1:2:1 ratio

    Independent Assortment

    • Hypothesis of Independent Assortment: Alleles of different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation
    • Predicted Ratio: 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation

    Epistasis

    • Epistatic Interactions: Interactions between genes that affect the phenotype
    • Modified Ratios: Epistasis can produce modified versions of the 9:3:3:1 ratio

    Dihybrid Cross

    • BbEe Parents: Heterozygous for two genes, B and E
    • F2 Ratio: 9 black : 3 chocolate : 4 yellow labs
    • Punnett Square: A 4x4 grid showing all possible genotypes and phenotypes

    Polygenic Inheritance

    • Quantitative Characters: Traits that vary in the population along a continuum
    • Polygenic Inheritance: An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype
    • Height: An example of polygenic inheritance, affected by over 180 genes
    • Skin Color: Also controlled by many separately inherited genes

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    Description

    This quiz is based on the famous experiment conducted by Gregor Mendel to understand the principles of inheritance. It involves the cross-pollination of pea plants with different traits to study how characteristics are passed down to the next generation.

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