Classical Genetics: Mendel's Laws and Inheritance

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Questions and Answers

In genetics, what does the Law of Segregation primarily describe?

The process of genetic recombination during prophase I.
The independent inheritance of multiple traits.
The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. (correct)
The random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase II.

What is the significance of Pisum sativum in the field of genetics?

It is the scientific name for fruit flies used in early genetic experiments.
It refers to a bacterium used to study gene transfer.
It is the scientific name for the pea plants used by Gregor Mendel for his genetics experiments. (correct)
It is a complex model organism used to study polygenic traits.

In genetics, what does 'true-breeding' refer to?

Organisms that, when crossed, produce offspring with a mix of dominant and recessive traits.
Organisms that always produce offspring with traits that vary significantly from the parents.
Organisms that consistently produce offspring with the same traits as the parents when self-crossed or crossed with another true-breeding organism for the same trait. (correct)
Organisms that, when crossed, produce offspring with only dominant traits.

What is the key principle of the Law of Independent Assortment?

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation if they are located on different chromosomes or are far apart on the same chromosome. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Small population size (B) Signup and view all the answers

In genetics, what are sex-linked genes?

Genes located on sex chromosomes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium primarily describe?

The conditions under which allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does population frequency relate to genetic diversity?

Population frequency refers to how common certain genotypes or phenotypes are within a group, which can reflect the level of genetic diversity. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which non-Mendelian inheritance pattern results in the offspring having a blend of the parental phenotypes?

Incomplete Dominance (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios would MOST likely disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

A small population experiencing significant gene flow due to migration. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pisum sativum

The scientific name of the pea plants used by Gregor Mendel to establish the Basic Laws of Inheritance.

True-breeding vs. Hybrids

True-breeding indicates the offspring have identical phenotypes to the parent. These offspring are known as hybrids.

Law of Segregation

States that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization.

Law of Independent Assortment

States that genes for different traits assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

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Sex-Linked Genes

Genes located on sex chromosomes.

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Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

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Study Notes

This unit is about "The U and A of You and I"
The big ideas for the unit are prediction and adaptation
The topic for discussion is classical genetics

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance

Includes the Law of Segregation
Includes the Law of Independent Assortment

Sex Linkage and Inheritance

Covers sex-linked genes

Genotype Frequencies

Will discuss Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Involves population frequency and diversity

Concepts

Pisum sativum: scientific name of pea plants used by Gregor Mendel
Mendel used Pisum sativum to establish the Basic Laws of Inheritance
True-breeding indicates identical phenotypes between offspring and parent
Offspring from true-breeding are known as hybrids

Essay Rubric

Content is worth 6 points: Providing evidence, details and factual scenarios.
Grammar is worth 1 point: Using correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization.
Organization is worth 2 points: Expressing points clearly and logically.
Format is worth 1 point: Adhering to the required style/appearance.
Total points for essay is 10.

Problem Solving Rubric

Process is worth 4 points: Performing the correct method and a complete solution.
Process is worth 3 points: One minor step/error in the solution.
Process is worth 2 points: Half of the solution is correct.
Process is worth 1 points: First major step of the solution is correct.
Answer is worth 6 points: For arriving to the correct final answer.
Total points for problem solving is 10

Illustration Rubric

Content is worth 5 points: Providing correct concept with evidence and supporting details.
Components are worth 7 points: Including and accurately representing all necessary elements.
Organization is worth 3 points: Expressing elements in clear and logical arrangements.
Grammar is worth 3 points: Using correct grammar, punctuation, spelling, and capitalization for the components and explanations.
Label is worth 2 points: All elements are labeled with reference and value.
Total points for illustration is 15

Laboratory Expectations

The course General Biology 2 includes both lecture and laboratory hours
Laboratory sessions occur every fourth week of the term
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn in the lab
PPE includes lab gown with ¼ sleeves, goggles, surgical mask/gloves, and closed-toe shoes
Females must tie their hair back
Bags stay in designated areas; only worksheets, handouts, logbooks, and stationery are allowed at the table
Phones are allowed only for documenting experiments
Each group needs the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for chemicals/reagents
No drinking or eating in the lab
Never directly smell/touch chemicals; practice wafting
Each student must submit an emergency contact card with contact info

Contact Card Details

Include a 1x1 photo
Must have complete address, a phone number, e-mail, and list any allergies/medications
Provide names, relationships, and phone numbers for at least two contacts

House Rules

All students must follow general house rules
Late submissions are penalized such that one day late = 2 points, two days late = 4 points, three days late = 6 points
Submissions over three days late will not be accepted
Handouts, worksheets, activity, sheets, and slides are available on eLMS
Students may need to print worksheets/activity sheets
Class participation is based on face-to-face interactions and via eLMS activities, quizzes, and discussions
Some activities need Internet access and occur outside of classroom hours
Instructors will give at least one day's notice for these activities