Podcast
Questions and Answers
Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance are based on the study of human genetics.
Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance are based on the study of human genetics.
False
A recessive allele will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele.
A recessive allele will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele.
False
The Law of Segregation states that each pair of alleles combines during gamete formation.
The Law of Segregation states that each pair of alleles combines during gamete formation.
False
Huntington's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder.
Huntington's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder.
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The Law of Independent Assortment applies to alleles for the same gene.
The Law of Independent Assortment applies to alleles for the same gene.
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Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal dominant disorder.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal dominant disorder.
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A dominant allele can be masked by a recessive allele.
A dominant allele can be masked by a recessive allele.
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Mendel's laws only apply to pea plants.
Mendel's laws only apply to pea plants.
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The Law of Dominance states that one allele is always recessive over another allele.
The Law of Dominance states that one allele is always recessive over another allele.
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Hereditary units are factors that are acquired through the environment.
Hereditary units are factors that are acquired through the environment.
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Study Notes
Mendelian Inheritance
Key Concepts
- Mendel's Laws: Gregor Mendel's discoveries about the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which form the basis of modern genetics.
- Hereditary Units: Genetic factors that are passed from parents to offspring, influencing the development of traits.
The Laws of Mendelian Inheritance
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The Law of Segregation: Each pair of alleles (different forms of a gene) separates during gamete formation, resulting in each offspring inheriting one allele.
- Example: A flower with alleles R (red) and r (white) will produce gametes with either R or r.
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The Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for different genes are sorted independently during gamete formation.
- Example: The allele for flower color (R/r) is sorted independently of the allele for seed shape (S/s).
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The Law of Dominance: One allele can be dominant over another allele, resulting in the dominant trait being expressed.
- Example: The R allele is dominant over the r allele, so a plant with the genotype Rr will have red flowers.
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
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Autosomal Dominant: A dominant allele will always be expressed if an individual has one copy of the allele.
- Example: Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder.
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Autosomal Recessive: A recessive allele will only be expressed if an individual has two copies of the allele.
- Example: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder.
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X-Linked: Traits linked to the X chromosome, which can result in different inheritance patterns in males and females.
- Example: Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder.
Punnett Squares
- A graphical tool used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on parental genotypes.
- Helps to visualize the possible combinations of alleles and determine the probability of each outcome.
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an individual, including the specific alleles they possess.
- Phenotype: The physical and behavioral characteristics of an individual, resulting from the interaction of their genotype and the environment.
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Description
Test your understanding of Mendel's laws, hereditary units, and inheritance patterns, including autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits. Learn about genotype and phenotype, and how to use Punnett squares to predict offspring traits.
