Biology Chapter 14: Meiosis and Mendelian Inheritance

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Questions and Answers

During which stage of meiosis do we observe 2n → 1n?

Meiosis I phase of meiosis (correct)

S phase of the cell cycle

M phase of the cell cycle

Meiosis II phase of meiosis

In which stage do we find 2 sister chromatids → 1 sister chromatid?

M phase of the cell cycle

Meiosis II phase of meiosis (correct)

Meiosis I phase of meiosis

S phase of the cell cycle

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

To determine the genotype of a parent with a dominant phenotype

To separate maternal and paternal chromosomes in Meiosis I

To predict all the possible outcomes and probabilities of cross breeding (correct)

To determine the phenotype of offspring

Which of the cells in the micrographs will undergo mitosis?

1 and 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of segregation corresponding to in meiosis?

The separation of homologs in anaphase I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the cells in the micrographs will undergo meiosis?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of all offspring in a cross between two parents with different alleles?

Aa Signup and view all the answers

What does the figure represent?

A single chromosome composed of two sister chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is testcrossing used for?

Determining the genotype of a parent with a dominant phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct representation of chromosomes in a diploid cell before DNA replication?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the cells represented is/are haploid?

1, 2, and 5 Signup and view all the answers

What does the segregation of alleles correspond to?

The separation of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What topic will be covered tomorrow in class?

Examples of monohybrid crosses Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a diploid cell?

A cell with two sets of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Mendel remove sperm-producing structures from pea flowers?

To prevent self-fertilization Signup and view all the answers

What tool did Mendel use to transfer pollen from one plant to another?

A paintbrush Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of crossing two true-breeding plants with yellow and green seeds?

All offspring produced yellow seeds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for different forms of a gene?

Alleles Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of alleles called?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression of the genotype?

Phenotype Signup and view all the answers

What was the ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in Mendel's experiments?

3:1 Signup and view all the answers

What happened when two F1 generation plants were allowed to self-fertilize?

An interesting pattern appeared in the phenotypes of the offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Gametes with incorrect chromosome number Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Mendel's experiments?

To observe patterns in progeny and predict outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of first-division nondisjunction?

All gametes with incorrect chromosome number Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of nondisjunction?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of Down Syndrome?

Either nondisjunction or translocation chromosome Signup and view all the answers

How many contrasting traits did Mendel focus on in his pea plant studies?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure of chromosomes to move to opposite poles during meiosis?

Nondisjunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction in the sex-determining chromosomes?

Klinefelter or Turner syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Meiosis and Mendelian Inheritance

Meiosis: a type of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells, each with a unique combination of chromosomes
Nondisjunction: the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to abnormal numbers of chromosomes in gametes

Consequences of Nondisjunction

Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome): caused by nondisjunction or a translocation chromosome
Klinefelter and Turner Syndromes: result from nondisjunction in sex-determining chromosomes

Modern Transmission Genetics

Mendel's work: examined patterns in progeny to predict outcomes of other crosses
Pea plant traits: studied seven contrasting traits, including seed color, shape, and plant height
Pea plant crossing: involved true-breeding plants and self-fertilization

Mendel's Principles

The Principle of Segregation: alleles separate during gamete formation, resulting in a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes in offspring
Punnett square: used to predict outcomes and probabilities of cross-breeding
Testcrossing: determines the genotype of a parent with a dominant phenotype

Meiosis and Allele Segregation

Segregation of alleles corresponds to the separation of chromosomes in meiosis I
Mendel's principle of segregation corresponds to the separation of homologs in anaphase I

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Description

This quiz covers the concepts of meiosis and Mendelian inheritance in biology, focusing on the stages of meiosis and the process of inheritance.