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Memory X.Liu PSYC 5130 Short-Term Memory vs. Long-Term Memory

Explore the concepts of pattern separation and pattern completion in short-term and long-term memory, focusing on how the hippocampus is fine-tuned and influenced by other brain areas. Delve into the trade-off between episodic and semantic memory in complementary learning systems.

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Questions and Answers

Which hemisphere is language typically located in for most right-handed individuals?

Left hemisphere

What is the system doing in pattern separation?

Encoding new pattern-separated memories

What happens when the Corpus Callosum is severed in 'split-brain' patients?

Prevents the spread of epileptic seizures

Which area provides strategic influences for fine-tuning the hippocampus in memory solutions?

<p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what learning rate does an event with a 0.66 probability converge on an accurate estimate across discrete events?

<p>.005</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is associated with Broca's area?

<p>Left inferior frontal region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in Broca's aphasia patients?

<p>Production impairments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activity occurs in the brain when resting?

<p>Alpha activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of sleep is characterized by the presence of REM sleep?

<p>Stage 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of damage to Broca's area in a language-impaired patient?

<p>Impaired speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Egyptians report happening after a blow to the head 3000 years ago?

<p>Speech loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pattern completion involve?

<p>Reactivating old memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Right hemiparesis' refers to weakening observed in which side of the body for Broca's patients?

<p>'Right arm and leg'</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the system encode new patterns in CA3?

<p>When treating the retrieval cue as novel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning rate leads to an accurate estimate across discrete events?

<p>.005</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Dichotic Listening' involves listening to spoken words with different words piped into each ear, typically showing an advantage for words heard through which ear?

<p>'Right ear (left hemisphere)'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure connects and transfers information between the two hemispheres of the brain?

<p>Corpus Callosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of sleep does the hippocampus teach the cortex through replay?

<p>NREM sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lexicon in language processing?

<p>Meaning of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of language focuses on putting together units of meaning?

<p>Production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the process of mapping auditory input to known speech sounds?

<p>Speech Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sleep necessary for memory consolidation?

<p>To help the cortex incorporate new memories into existing knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in the hippocampus during Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS)?

<p>Replay teaching to the cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of semantics in language processing?

<p>Meaning of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for conduction aphasia?

<p>Motor aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia shows well-preserved auditory comprehension but an inability to repeat words or sentences?

<p>Conduction aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the arcuate fasciculus located?

<p>Between Wernicke's area and Broca's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia involves deficits in articulation and grammar comprehension?

<p>Broca's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of word deafness?

<p>Selective word-comprehension deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of aphasia are comprehension and production of meaningful speech affected?

<p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia exhibits residual overlearned speech?

<p>Global aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Atypical/Subcortical' aphasia is associated with which brain structures?

<p>(Head of caudate in basal ganglia or anterolateral thalamus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of aphasia is primarily expressive, slow, disjointed, and poorly articulated?

<p>Broca's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cortical language area did Wernicke identify as being damaged in his clinical cases?

<p>Left temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom characterizes Wernicke's aphasia in terms of speech production?

<p>Superficial structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia results in a person having difficulty understanding language due to damage to the left temporal lobe?

<p>Wernicke's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of aphasia does one experience halting speech and tremendous difficulty in choosing words?

<p>Broca's aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Broca's aphasia from Wernicke's aphasia?

<p>Difficulty in speech production</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of language processing is primarily affected by damage to the left side of the frontal lobe?

<p>Expressive language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia involves difficulty in understanding language but has fairly good speech comprehension?

<p>Conduction aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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