39 Questions
What does the system prioritize in the pattern separation process?
Encoding new patterns in CA3
Which system reactivates old memories instead of encoding new pattern-separated ones?
Pattern completion system
What is essential for achieving an accurate estimate across discrete events with a probability of 0.66?
Slow learning rate
What EEG pattern is associated with alertness?
Beta activity
What is monitored using electrodes on the scalp during sleep?
Brain wave activity
In sleep studies, what do dark blue shading represent in the figure?
REM sleep stages
Which part of the brain is fine-tuned in the solution to allow for pattern separation?
Hippocampus
What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Transferring information between the two brain hemispheres
What type of learning is facilitated by the hippocampus during Slow-Wave Sleep (SWS)?
Episodic learning
During which stage of sleep does the cortex incorporate new memories into existing knowledge?
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep
Which of the following is NOT a component of language as described in the overview?
Orthography
What type of memory consolidation process occurs during REM sleep?
Semantic memory consolidation
Which learning system is associated with teaching the cortex during Slow-Wave Sleep?
Complementary Learning System
What is the primary function of replay in teaching the cortex during Slow-Wave Sleep?
Consolidating long-term memories
Which stage of sleep is essential for incorporating new memories into existing knowledge?
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep
Which hemisphere is language typically located in for most right-handed individuals?
Left hemisphere
What is the purpose of severing the Corpus Callosum in 'Split-brain' patients?
To prevent the spread of epileptic seizures between brain hemispheres
Which brain area did Broca find damage in his language-impaired patient?
Left inferior frontal region (Broca's area)
What is a common symptom seen in Broca's patients besides language impairment?
Left hemiparesis
In Dichotic Listening, which hemisphere shows an advantage for words piped into the right ear?
Left hemisphere
What is the purpose of Hemispheric specialization?
Developing language dominance
What was reported by Egyptians 3000 years ago related to head injuries?
'Speech loss' after a blow to the head
'Broca's aphasia' is characterized by impaired:
'Production but comprehension relatively intact'
Which type of aphasia is primarily expressive with speech that retains meaningfulness but is slow, disjointed, and poorly articulated?
Broca’s aphasia
What happens in Wernicke's aphasia with regards to speech production?
Superficial structure and rhythm
Which area of the brain is damaged in individuals with Broca's aphasia?
Left side of the frontal lobe
When did Wernicke identify a second cortical language area?
10 years later after his initial findings
What characterizes Wernicke's aphasia in terms of language comprehension?
Difficulty understanding language
Which type of aphasia results in halting speech and tremendous difficulty in choosing words?
Broca’s aphasia
In which lobe is the second cortical language area identified by Wernicke located?
Left temporal lobe
What symptom is characteristic of Broca's Aphasia?
Halting speech
What type of aphasia is characterized by well-preserved auditory comprehension but a marked inability to repeat words or sentences?
Conduction Aphasia
Which area of the brain is associated with mild aphemia and deficits in articulation and grammar comprehension?
Broca's Area
In which type of aphasia do patients have impaired comprehension and production of meaningful speech?
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Which condition is associated with selective word-comprehension deficits?
Word Deafness
Which type of aphasia involves impaired repetition but preserved comprehension and spontaneous speech?
Conduction Aphasia
What area of the brain is associated with pure naming deficits?
Wernicke's Area
Which type of aphasia involves severe comprehension deficits but preserved repetition?
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
In which type of aphasia do patients have impaired comprehension and production, along with residual overlearned speech?
(Global) Aphasia
Test your knowledge of Short-Term Memory (STM), Long-Term Memory (LTM), trade-offs between pattern separation and completion, and complementary learning systems. Explore how the brain fine-tunes the hippocampus and integrates strategic influences from other areas.
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