Memory Systems and Information Processing

Cognitive Psychology

• Scripts are models of stereotypical information required to interpret a situation.

Artificial Intelligence

• Production Rules are a representation of procedural knowledge using condition/action rules.

Logical Reasoning

• It involves deduction, induction, and abduction processes.

Problem Solving

• It involves finding solutions to unfamiliar tasks using knowledge.
• Gestalt Theory: Problem solving involves both productive and reproductive processes.
• Means-Ends Analysis is a problem-solving strategy involving working towards a desired outcome.
• Analogy involves drawing parallels between similar problems in different domains.

Memory and Learning

• Chunking: Organizing information into meaningful units improves memory.
• Slips and Mistakes: Errors in actions or intentions can occur.
• Emotions: Physiological and psychological responses to stimuli influence cognition.
• Affect: Emotional response influences behavior and decision-making.

Human Factors

• Individual Differences: Variance in sex, physical and intellectual abilities, stress, fatigue, and age among users should be considered in interface design.
• Interface Design Implications: Considerations for stress, user experience, and individual differences are important in designing interfaces.

Information Input/Output

• Information i/o refers to the input and output of information, encompassing visual, auditory, haptic, and movement cues.

Human Perception

• Sensory Memory: Immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system.
• Short-Term Memory (STM) / Working Memory: Temporary storage system that actively holds multiple pieces of information.
• Long-Term Memory (LTM): The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system.

Visual Perception

• Visual Angle: Indicates how much of a view an object occupies, related to size and distance from the eye.
• Visual Acuity: Ability to perceive detail in visual stimuli.
• Brightness: Subjective reaction to levels of light.
• Colour: Comprising hue, intensity, and saturation, perceived by cones sensitive to different wavelengths.

Anatomy of the Eye

• Retina: The light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye, containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) that convert light into neural signals.
• Rods: Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for low-light vision.
• Cones: Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision.
• Ganglion Cells: Cells in the retina that receive visual information from photoreceptors and transmit it to the brain via the optic nerve.

Kinesthesis and Reaction Time

• Kinesthesis: Awareness of body position and movement.
• Reaction Time: Time taken to respond to a stimulus.

Motor Control

• Fitts Law: Mathematical model describing the time required to move to a target area.

Data Structures

• Frames: Information organized in data structures with slots for values.