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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate duration of Short-term Memory according to Coon (2005)?
What is the process of grouping information into manageable sets to ease retention called?
What is the main function of the hippocampus in the brain?
What is the difference between Maintenance rehearsal and Elaborative rehearsal?
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What is the type of memory that is capable of holding information for a relatively permanent period of time?
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What is the primary purpose of Working Memory?
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What can cause information to be lost from Short-term Memory?
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What type of memory is responsible for storing knowledge and experiences?
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What enables us to do much of our thinking regarding temporarily pertinent information?
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What is the process of transferring information from Short-term Memory to Long-term Memory?
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Study Notes
Definition and Functions of Memory
- Memory is the cognitive capacity and processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information.
- Memory is associated with learning and recalling specific information.
- There are memory functions that are outside of our awareness.
Types of Memory
Sensory Memory
- Briefly presented information and perception of its aftereffects.
- Two forms: Iconic memory (visual representation) and Echoic memory (auditory stimuli).
Short-Term Memory
- Selective attention filters information from the environment.
- Retains small amounts of information for a few seconds or less than 30 seconds.
- Can be retained for a month, several years, or half a lifetime.
Long-Term Memory
- Holds information for a relatively permanent period of time.
- Information in Short-Term Memory is saved in Long-Term Memory by the brain’s hippocampus.
- Processes: association, rehearsal, and chunking to transfer information from Short-Term Memory.
Categories of Long-Term Memory
- Declarative Memory: holds information that can be easily verbalized and described.
- Semantic Memory: subtype of Declarative Memory, involves recollection of ideas, concepts, and facts.
- Episodic Memory: subtype of Declarative Memory, long-term retention of personal events.
- Procedural Memory: holds relatively permanent information that is not easily verbalized.
Improving Memory
- Periodic breaks through spaced practice and developing interest and motivation.
- Basic needs: adequate sleep, regular meals, and minimal distractions.
- Strategies: rehearsal, chunking, and elaborative rehearsal.
Forgetting
- Caused by interference, fatigue, level of interest, and motivation.
- Not due to limited Long-Term Memory capacity.
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Description
Test your understanding of memory, its functions, and different types. Learn about short-term and long-term memory, and strategies to improve memory.
