Memory Distortion Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for our individually determined ways of organizing memories?

  • Interactive images
  • Subjective organization (correct)
  • Categorical clustering
  • Pegword system
  • Which mnemonic device involves creating interactive images that link isolated words in a list?

  • Method of loci
  • Acronym
  • Categorical clustering
  • Interactive images (correct)
  • The method of loci mnemonic device involves visualizing what?

  • Interactive images
  • Categorical clusters
  • Using acronyms
  • Walking in a familiar area (correct)
  • Which mnemonic technique associates each new word with a previously memorized word?

    <p>Pegword system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'proactive interference' refer to in memory?

    <p>Tendency for old memories to interfere with the retrieval of new memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory phenomenon explains the better recall of items at the beginning of a list?

    <p>Primacy effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory suggests that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade over time?

    <p>Decay theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves recalling items at the end of a list more easily?

    <p>'Recency effect'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory phenomenon explains the better recall of items at the end of a list?

    <p>Recency effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the phenomenon where people sometimes remember things as consequential that are actually inconsequential?

    <p>Persistence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of memory distortions, what does the term 'blocking' refer to?

    <p>Inability to retrieve information one knows should be remembered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of Schacter's Seven Sins of Memory involves the tendency for people to be biased in the way they recall information?

    <p>Bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is linked to self-esteem and influences whether individuals remember more positive or negative events?

    <p>Autobiographical memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of memory distortions, which sin involves not being able to remember where we heard or read certain information?

    <p>Misattribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor makes people susceptible to suggestions and leads them to sometimes think they remember seeing something that was suggested to them?

    <p>Suggestibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding eyewitness testimony, what tendency do people have when constructing a memory that may differ from what actually occurred?

    <p>Constructive memory bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'People sometimes think they saw things they did not see or heard things they did not hear' relates to which sin of memory?

    <p>Misattribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of memory distortion involves the idea that if a person is told they saw something, they might remember seeing it even if they did not?

    <p>Suggestibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sin of memory refers to the phenomenon when people cannot recall something despite knowing they should remember it?

    <p>Blocking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Memory and Forgetting

    • Interference Theory: Forgetting occurs when competing information interferes with recall of previously learned information.
      • Retroactive Interference: Interference caused by activity after learning, affecting recall of previously learned information.
      • Proactive Interference: Interference caused by material learned before the to-be-remembered material.
    • Decay Theory: Forgetting occurs due to the gradual disappearance of the memory trace unless it is maintained.

    Memory Distortion

    • Autobiographical Memory: Memory of an individual's history, subject to distortions and influenced by self-esteem.
    • Schacter's Seven Sins of Memory:
      • Transience: Memory fades quickly.
      • Absent-Mindedness: Forgetting due to lack of attention.
      • Blocking: Inability to retrieve information despite knowing it.
      • Misattribution: Confusion about the source of information.
      • Suggestibility: Susceptibility to false suggestions.
      • Bias: Biased recall of information.
      • Persistence: Remembering inconsequential events as important.

    Eyewitness Testimony

    • Eyewitness accounts are prone to distortion and construction of a different memory from what really happened.
    • People may imagine seeing things they did not see.

    Mnemonic Devices

    • Techniques to help memorize lists of words:
      • Categorical Clustering: Organizing items into categories.
      • Interactive Images: Creating interactive images linking isolated words.
      • Pegword System: Associating new words with previously memorized words.
      • Method of Loci: Visualizing walking an area with distinctive landmarks and linking items to be remembered.
      • Acronym: Creating a word or expression where each letter stands for a certain word or concept.
      • Acrostic: Forming a sentence to help remember new words.
      • Keyword System: Forming an interactive image linking sound and meaning of foreign words with familiar words.

    Organization of Information

    • Subjective Organization: Individually determined ways of organizing memories.
    • Mnemonic Devices: Add meaning to otherwise meaningless lists of items.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on memory distortion theories, including Interference Theory, and the processes of forgetting. Learn about how competing information and recall interference can impact memory retention.

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