Membrane Proteins Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of membrane proteins in a cell?

  • Provide mechanical linkage for other proteins on either side of the membranes (correct)
  • Promote cell division by interacting with the nucleus
  • Store excess nutrients and ions for future use
  • Maintain the cell's shape and structure
  • Which type of membrane proteins are permanently bound to the lipid bilayer?

  • Carrier Proteins
  • Channel Proteins
  • Peripheral Proteins
  • Integral Proteins (correct)
  • What is the role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?

  • Act as energy producers for the cell
  • Facilitate movement of ions and small molecules across the membrane (correct)
  • Convert sunlight into cellular energy
  • Help in DNA replication
  • Which proteins sense a ligand on one side of the membrane and transmit a signal to the other side?

    <p>Membrane receptor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do membrane receptor proteins serve as a connection between the cell's internal and external environments?

    <p>By acting as a signaling link between internal and external environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the intracellular compartment to the total body fluids?

    <p>2/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is around 100 µm in size?

    <p>Fat cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Regulate the exchange of nutrients, ions, and hormones with its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fluid compartments are further subdivided into interstitial fluid and plasma?

    <p>Extracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Darrow-Yannet Diagram explain?

    <p>Changes in the body fluid compartments with excessive salt intake, sweating, dehydration, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is the longest based on the provided information?

    <p>Smooth muscle cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for water movement in osmosis?

    <p>High solute concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aquaporins (AQPs) affect water permeability in cells?

    <p>Increase water permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) in the kidneys regarding water reabsorption?

    <p>Increase water reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is osmolarity defined in a solution?

    <p>Concentration of solute particles per liter of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 1mM NaCl solution, what is the osmolarity?

    <p>2 mOsm/L NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osmotic pressure represent in osmosis?

    <p>Mechanical pressure to produce water flow equal to the osmotic flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Permeability (P) equation describe?

    <p>The relationship between the diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

    <p>Higher concentration gradient leads to faster diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion?

    <p>They facilitate solute movement by binding molecules on one side and releasing on the other side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does membrane thickness impact the rate of diffusion?

    <p>Thicker membrane leads to slower diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a substance is impermeable to a membrane?

    <p>No diffusion occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased membrane surface area affect diffusion?

    <p>Enhances diffusion rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ion channels in the cell membrane?

    <p>Generate electrical currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ion channel opens when physical forces cause the channel gates to open?

    <p>Mechanically-gated channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the opening of voltage-gated ion channels?

    <p>Change in electrical potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transporter facilitates the movement of two or more molecules across the plasma membrane in the same direction?

    <p>Symporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of antiporters (exchangers) in membrane transport?

    <p>Move ions and molecules in opposite directions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which membrane transport process requires no carrier protein or channel?

    <p>Simple Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect the rate of diffusion through a cell membrane according to Fick’s Law?

    <p>Membrane surface area and lipid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Stokes-Einstein Equation describe in relation to molecular diffusion?

    <p>Inverse relationship between molecular radius and diffusion coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do chemically-gated ion channels generate electrical signals?

    <p>From binding specific molecules like neurotransmitters or hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transporter requires energy to move molecules across the membrane?

    <p>Symporters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force for the movement of 3 Na+ ions out of the cell and 2 K+ ions into the cell by the Na-K ATPase pump?

    <p>Hydrolysis of one ATP molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ATPase pump is responsible for maintaining ionic gradients by moving ions against their gradients?

    <p>P-type ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant pump in eukaryotic cells that is classified as a P-type ATPase?

    <p>Na-K Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs are known to block the activity of the Na-K Pump?

    <p>Digitalis and ouabain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of V-ATPases in cellular processes?

    <p>Coupling ATP hydrolysis to pump protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pumps calcium from the cytoplasm into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells?

    <p>SERCA Pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of integral membrane proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Mediate the selective movement of ions across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane proteins are temporarily associated with the lipid bilayer or with integral membrane proteins?

    <p>Peripheral Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Facilitate the selective movement of ions and small molecules across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do channel proteins differ from carrier proteins in membrane transport?

    <p>Channel proteins facilitate the movement of molecules through a pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do membrane receptor proteins act as intermediaries between a cell's internal and external environments?

    <p>By sensing ligands and transmitting signals across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of the total body fluid compartments does the intracellular compartment account for?

    <p>2/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type listed is among the smallest based on the provided information?

    <p>Red blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell (plasma) membrane?

    <p>Regulate exchange of nutrients, ions, and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Darrow-Yannet Diagram in explaining body fluid compartments?

    <p>Explain osmolarity changes with salt intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell (plasma) membrane?

    <p>Synthesize hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do interstitial fluid and plasma relate to cells?

    <p>They are subcategories of extracellular fluid that interact with cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters?

    <p>Consume ATP while transporting molecules across membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the SGLT transporter primarily active in transporting sodium and glucose?

    <p>Intestine or kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the multidrug resistance (MDR) pump being highly expressed in bacteria and cancer cells?

    <p>Increases the excretion of drugs resulting in a loss of potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Na-K ATPase play in secondary active transport involving the SGLT transporter?

    <p>Creates a high-affinity site for glucose binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucose binding change carrier conformation in secondary active transport by the SGLT protein?

    <p>It ensures binding sites face the intracellular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy used by symporters like the SGLT protein for secondary active transport?

    <p>Na-K ATPase gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

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