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Questions and Answers
The interviewer believes that the medieval church has a clear understanding of justification by grace through faith.
False
Thomas Aquinas believed that God's love is reactive.
False
The medieval church has a good understanding of the identity of who God is.
True
The interviewer thinks that the church in the Middle Ages was not a Christian church.
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The medieval church is non-Trinitarian.
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The medieval church has a poor understanding of atonement of Christ's work on the cross.
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The interviewer thinks that the medieval church is incarnational.
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The interviewer believes that the doctrine of justification by grace through faith is not preceded by any elements in the Middle Ages.
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Thomas Aquinas believed that the most important sacrament is Baptism.
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Thomas Aquinas wrote in a way that is difficult to understand.
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The Mass is a sacrament that points to Christ, but does not contain Him.
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In medieval piety, the Mass is not considered a crucial point where God meets with His people.
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A well-designed Catholic church is designed to draw attention to the pulpit.
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Thomas Aquinas was a theologian who wrote in a way that was intentionally confusing.
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The other six sacraments of the medieval church are more important than the Mass.
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The Catholic Cathedral in Philadelphia is an example of a poorly designed Catholic church.
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According to Luther, the problem with transubstantiation is that Christ is not really present in the Eucharist.
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Aristotle's metaphysics supports the idea of transubstantiation.
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For Aristotle, substances can be known through their accidents.
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John Wycliffe argued that transubstantiation leads to a world where knowledge is impossible.
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Luther's primary concern with transubstantiation is the presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
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In the context of transubstantiation, accidents refer to the substance itself.
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Aristotle's philosophy supports the idea that substance and accidents are separable.
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The criticisms of transubstantiation are limited to the realm of theology.
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The author believes that being born in the Middle Ages meant one could not possibly come to love Jesus as their savior.
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According to the author, Maitran's distinction between liberal Protestantism and Roman Catholicism is that Roman Catholicism is entirely Christian.
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The author believes that the Catholic Church is a safe guide to the gospel.
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The author considers the medieval church to be entirely Christian.
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The author views the persecution of certain individuals by the medieval church as evidence of their Christianity.
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Maitran's distinction between liberal Protestantism and Roman Catholicism is based on their views of the Incarnation.
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The author believes that individual Catholics cannot genuinely rest on Christ as their savior.
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The author would not answer the question of whether someone is a Christian in a nuanced and charitable way.
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According to Luther, the work of a Catholic theologian named Alveld precipitated the writing of the Babylonian Captivity.
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Luther's writings demonstrate a systematic and consistent theology throughout his career.
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Luther's thought was heavily influenced by Aristotelian philosophy.
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In 1519, Luther wrote a treatise on the mass that represented a break with medieval sacramental thinking.
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The Babylonian Captivity was written in response to the withholding of the cup from the laity.
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Luther's understanding of the Eucharist was influenced by his epistemology and view of knowledge.
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Luther reduces the sacraments to three in the body of the text and to two in the conclusion.
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Calvin wrote a systematic theology, unlike Luther.
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Study Notes
The Church and Justification
- The church's understanding of justification is a sliding scale of knowledge, depending on individual ability and various factors.
- The medieval church has a good grasp of the identity of God, Jesus, and the atonement of Christ's work on the cross.
- The medieval church lacks a clear understanding of justification by grace through faith, which is a doctrine clearly articulated during the Reformation.
The Medieval Church and its Sacraments
- The medieval church has seven sacraments, with the mass being the most important as it contains Christ.
- Thomas Aquinas, a great teacher, writes clearly on the sacraments, emphasizing the significance of the mass.
- The mass is the point where God meets with His people, making it a crucial aspect of medieval piety.
Luther and the Sacraments
- Luther reduces the sacraments to three, and later to two, in his writings.
- In 1519, Luther wrote a cautious treatise on the mass, but by 1520, he had broken with medieval sacramental thinking.
- The Babylonian Captivity, written by Luther, was precipitated by a work by Catholic theologian Alveld, defending the practice of receiving communion in one kind.
Transubstantiation
- Luther's problem with transubstantiation is not the presence of Christ but the absence of bread.
- Luther sees transubstantiation as an illegitimate intrusion of Aristotle into Christian theology.
- Transubstantiation contradicts Aristotle's metaphysics, as it implies a substance without accidents, making knowledge impossible.
The Medieval Church and Christian Faith
- Being born in the Middle Ages does not mean one cannot come to love Jesus as their savior, as much truth is contained amongst the errors.
- The medieval church has a Trinitarian understanding of God, a good grasp of the identity of Jesus, and an understanding of the atonement of Christ's work on the cross.
- However, the medieval church lacks a clear understanding of justification by grace through faith, which is a doctrine clearly articulated during the Reformation.
The Modern-Day Catholic Church
- The modern-day Catholic Church contains enough truth to be Christian, but it is buried under a heap of un-Christian garbage.
- The Catholic Church is not a safe guide to the gospel, but individual Catholics may genuinely rest on Christ as their savior amidst the errors.
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