104 Questions
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
Chromosome number is halved
Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?
Anaphase II
What is the significance of non-disjunction during meiosis?
Causes abnormal chromosome count
Which process results in the production of genetically unique daughter cells?
Meiosis
In abnormal meiosis, what is a significant consequence of non-disjunction?
Abnormal chromosome count
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes to half of the parent cell
Where does meiosis occur in animals for gamete production?
In the sex organs (testes and ovaries)
What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?
Chromosomal condensation allows chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents
What is the result of Metaphase I in meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
To exchange genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Where does meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?
In the anthers and ovules
What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
Mitosis results in two daughter cells, while meiosis results in four daughter cells.
Which process, mitosis or meiosis, contributes more to genetic diversity?
Meiosis
During which phase of mitosis do individual chromosomes line up on the equator?
Metaphase
What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
The chromosome number remains constant in mitosis but is halved in meiosis.
What is a distinguishing feature of anaphase in meiosis I compared to anaphase in mitosis?
In anaphase I of meiosis, whole chromosomes are pulled to poles.
In which process do homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase?
Meiosis I
Which statement accurately describes telophase in mitosis compared to telophase of meiosis I?
Telophase of mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis I results in two haploid non-identical daughter cells.
What contributes to the genetic diversity of gametes produced by meiosis but not by mitosis?
Crossing over
Which process is responsible for the formation of genetically identical daughter cells, both to each other and to the parent cell?
Mitosis
What is the primary role of meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?
Reproduction and genetic diversity
During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?
Prophase
What is the outcome of Meiosis I in terms of chromosome number compared to the parent cell?
Halved
Which phase involves the pulling of whole chromosomes to opposite poles in meiosis I?
Anaphase
In terms of genetic diversity, which process contributes more, mitosis or meiosis?
Meiosis
What distinguishes telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?
Formation of identical daughter cells
When do both karyokinesis and cytokinesis occur twice?
In meiosis only
What characteristic distinguishes metaphase in meiosis I from mitosis?
Homologous chromosome pairs lining up on the equator
What is the key difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of chromosome number?
Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell, while mitosis maintains the same chromosome number.
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
Crossing over increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is the outcome of Prophase I in meiosis?
Chromosomes condense and pair up to form bivalents for crossing over.
Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?
Anaphase II
In which part of a plant does meiosis occur for the production of spores and gametophytes?
Anthers
What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?
The random alignment and distribution of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I.
What is the primary function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To reduce the chromosome number in gametes to ensure the correct number upon fertilization.
During which phase of meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents?
Prophase I
What is the location where meiosis occurs in animals during gametogenesis?
Testes and ovaries
What is the role of meiosis in maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species?
Reducing the chromosome number from 2n to n in gametes to prevent doubling in offspring.
What is the significance of reducing the chromosome number by half during meiosis?
To ensure that offspring have the correct diploid number of chromosomes
Which process in meiosis ensures that gametes have different combinations of chromosomes?
Crossing over during Prophase I
What causes an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes during meiosis?
Non-disjunction during Anaphase I or II
How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in Down Syndrome in humans?
By leading to an abnormal gamete with an extra chromosome 21
What is a key role of crossing over in meiosis?
To create new combinations of genes on each chromosome
During which phase of meiosis do chromosomes align randomly at the equator before being separated?
Metaphase I
What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To introduce genetic variation through gamete formation
Why is it important to maintain proper chromosomal separation during meiosis?
To reduce the likelihood of non-disjunction
What is a possible consequence of non-disjunction during Anaphase II?
Presence of an extra chromosome in gametes
What contributes significantly to genetic diversity within a species during meiosis?
Random assortment of chromosomes at equator
What is the main outcome of Meiosis?
Reduction in chromosome number by half in the gametes
During which phase of Meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to form bivalents?
Prophase I
What is the significant function of crossing over in Meiosis?
Increasing genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material
Where does Meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?
Anthers and ovules
During which phase of Meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator?
Metaphase I
What contributes significantly to maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species during Meiosis?
Reduction of chromosome number in gametes
What is a distinguishing feature of Metaphase I in Meiosis compared to Metaphase in mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator
What is the key role of Meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Production of gametes with different chromosome combinations
What is the significance of genetic variation introduced by meiosis?
To create genetically unique gametes
During which phase of meiosis do centromeres divide, causing sister chromatids to move towards opposite poles?
Anaphase I
What is the primary outcome of non-disjunction during Anaphase I of meiosis?
Production of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers
Why is maintaining proper chromosomal separation crucial during meiosis?
To prevent changes in chromosome number
What occurs during Metaphase II of meiosis?
Chromosomes align at the equator as individual chromatids
How does crossing over during Prophase I contribute to genetic variation?
It results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
During which phase of meiosis do nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes at the poles?
Telophase I
What is the main consequence of the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during Anaphase I of meiosis?
Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers
In meiosis, what is the crucial difference between daughter cells at the end of Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
Genetically identical vs. genetically varied
What is a key characteristic of metaphase in meiosis I compared to metaphase in mitosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up
During telophase in meiosis I, what is the outcome in terms of daughter cells?
Two genetically varied haploid daughter cells
What is a critical distinction between anaphase in meiosis I and anaphase in mitosis?
Splitting of centromeres vs. whole chromosomes pulled
What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?
Crossing over
What is a defining feature of karyokinesis and cytokinesis in mitosis compared to meiosis?
Once vs. twice
Which statement accurately describes the outcome of meiosis in terms of the chromosome number compared to the parent cell?
Halved chromosome number vs. doubled chromosome number
What is a primary role of crossing over in meiosis?
Increase genetic variability among produced gametes
What differentiates telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?
Genetically varied haploid daughter cells vs. genetically identical diploid daughter cells
What is the primary outcome of Telophase I in meiosis?
Formation of two haploid daughter cells
During which phase of meiosis does the nuclear envelope dissolve and spindles form?
Prophase II
What is the significance of maintaining the correct chromosome number through meiosis?
To maintain a constant chromosome number from generation to generation
Which process in meiosis introduces genetic diversity through the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
Crossing Over
What is a potential consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?
Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes
What occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate correctly during Anaphase I?
Non-disjunction
Which phase in meiosis involves the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?
Telophase I
What is the significance of reducing the diploid number of chromosomes to haploid during meiosis?
To prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation
What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis?
Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I
What is the primary role of crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material between chromatids to increase genetic diversity
Where does meiosis occur in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?
Anthers and ovules
What is the outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator
How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes?
Results in the addition or loss of whole chromosomes in daughter cells
What is the effect of chromosomal condensation during Prophase I of meiosis?
Pairing up of homologous chromosomes to form bivalents
What contributes significantly to genetic variation during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?
Random assortment and recombination of genes
What is essential to prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation?
Reduction of diploid chromosome number to haploid in gametes
During which phase of meiosis does genetic recombination occur, leading to increased genetic variability?
Prophase of Meiosis I
What is a distinguishing feature of cytokinesis in mitosis compared to cytokinesis in meiosis?
Mitosis forms two genetically identical daughter cells.
Which phase of meiosis ensures that each daughter cell at the end has a unique combination of chromosomes?
Metaphase II
What distinguishes Telophase in meiosis I from Telophase in mitosis?
Meiotic Telophase produces two haploid daughter cells.
In which process is the chromosome number halved, ensuring the maintenance of species-specific chromosome numbers through generations?
Meiosis
Which phase of mitosis is responsible for ensuring the formation of genetically identical daughter cells?
Anaphase
What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
What is the main difference in the outcome between mitosis and meiosis?
Formation of two genetically different daughter cells in mitosis and four genetically identical daughter cells in meiosis
During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?
Prophase
What is the result of the second division (Meiosis II) in terms of genetic variation?
Results in genetically varied haploid daughter cells
Which phase involves the splitting of centromeres and movement of chromatids to opposite poles in mitosis?
Anaphase
What contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis but not during mitosis?
Crossing over
In which stage do homologous chromosome pairs line up on the equator during meiosis I?
Metaphase
What is the key role of Meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?
Reproduction and genetic diversity
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
