CH 2: Meiosis
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

  • Prophase I (correct)
  • Metaphase I
  • Prophase II
  • Anaphase I

    • What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

  • Chromosome number is halved (correct)
  • No change in chromosome number
  • Chromosome number doubles
  • Diploid number is maintained

    • Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?

  • Anaphase I
  • Anaphase II (correct)
  • Metaphase I
  • Metaphase II

    • What is the significance of non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Causes abnormal chromosome count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the production of genetically unique daughter cells?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In abnormal meiosis, what is a significant consequence of non-disjunction?

    <p>Abnormal chromosome count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>To reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes to half of the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in animals for gamete production?

    <p>In the sex organs (testes and ovaries)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Chromosomal condensation allows chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>To exchange genetic material between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?

    <p>In the anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?

    <p>Mitosis results in two daughter cells, while meiosis results in four daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process, mitosis or meiosis, contributes more to genetic diversity?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis do individual chromosomes line up on the equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>The chromosome number remains constant in mitosis but is halved in meiosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of anaphase in meiosis I compared to anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>In anaphase I of meiosis, whole chromosomes are pulled to poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase?

    <p>Meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes telophase in mitosis compared to telophase of meiosis I?

    <p>Telophase of mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis I results in two haploid non-identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the genetic diversity of gametes produced by meiosis but not by mitosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the formation of genetically identical daughter cells, both to each other and to the parent cell?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Reproduction and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Meiosis I in terms of chromosome number compared to the parent cell?

    <p>Halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves the pulling of whole chromosomes to opposite poles in meiosis I?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of genetic diversity, which process contributes more, mitosis or meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Formation of identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do both karyokinesis and cytokinesis occur twice?

    <p>In meiosis only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes metaphase in meiosis I from mitosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosome pairs lining up on the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell, while mitosis maintains the same chromosome number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Prophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and pair up to form bivalents for crossing over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of a plant does meiosis occur for the production of spores and gametophytes?

    <p>Anthers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?

    <p>The random alignment and distribution of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>To reduce the chromosome number in gametes to ensure the correct number upon fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location where meiosis occurs in animals during gametogenesis?

    <p>Testes and ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of meiosis in maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species?

    <p>Reducing the chromosome number from 2n to n in gametes to prevent doubling in offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of reducing the chromosome number by half during meiosis?

    <p>To ensure that offspring have the correct diploid number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in meiosis ensures that gametes have different combinations of chromosomes?

    <p>Crossing over during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes during meiosis?

    <p>Non-disjunction during Anaphase I or II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in Down Syndrome in humans?

    <p>By leading to an abnormal gamete with an extra chromosome 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>To create new combinations of genes on each chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do chromosomes align randomly at the equator before being separated?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>To introduce genetic variation through gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to maintain proper chromosomal separation during meiosis?

    <p>To reduce the likelihood of non-disjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of non-disjunction during Anaphase II?

    <p>Presence of an extra chromosome in gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic diversity within a species during meiosis?

    <p>Random assortment of chromosomes at equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of Meiosis?

    <p>Reduction in chromosome number by half in the gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of Meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to form bivalents?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant function of crossing over in Meiosis?

    <p>Increasing genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?

    <p>Anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of Meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species during Meiosis?

    <p>Reduction of chromosome number in gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of Metaphase I in Meiosis compared to Metaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Production of gametes with different chromosome combinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of genetic variation introduced by meiosis?

    <p>To create genetically unique gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do centromeres divide, causing sister chromatids to move towards opposite poles?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of non-disjunction during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Production of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maintaining proper chromosomal separation crucial during meiosis?

    <p>To prevent changes in chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Metaphase II of meiosis?

    <p>Chromosomes align at the equator as individual chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does crossing over during Prophase I contribute to genetic variation?

    <p>It results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes at the poles?

    <p>Telophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meiosis, what is the crucial difference between daughter cells at the end of Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

    <p>Genetically identical vs. genetically varied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of metaphase in meiosis I compared to metaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During telophase in meiosis I, what is the outcome in terms of daughter cells?

    <p>Two genetically varied haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical distinction between anaphase in meiosis I and anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Splitting of centromeres vs. whole chromosomes pulled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of karyokinesis and cytokinesis in mitosis compared to meiosis?

    <p>Once vs. twice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the outcome of meiosis in terms of the chromosome number compared to the parent cell?

    <p>Halved chromosome number vs. doubled chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>Increase genetic variability among produced gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Genetically varied haploid daughter cells vs. genetically identical diploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of Telophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Formation of two haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does the nuclear envelope dissolve and spindles form?

    <p>Prophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining the correct chromosome number through meiosis?

    <p>To maintain a constant chromosome number from generation to generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in meiosis introduces genetic diversity through the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Crossing Over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate correctly during Anaphase I?

    <p>Non-disjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in meiosis involves the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?

    <p>Telophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of reducing the diploid number of chromosomes to haploid during meiosis?

    <p>To prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis?

    <p>Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>Exchange of genetic material between chromatids to increase genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?

    <p>Anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes?

    <p>Results in the addition or loss of whole chromosomes in daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chromosomal condensation during Prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Pairing up of homologous chromosomes to form bivalents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic variation during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?

    <p>Random assortment and recombination of genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential to prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation?

    <p>Reduction of diploid chromosome number to haploid in gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does genetic recombination occur, leading to increased genetic variability?

    <p>Prophase of Meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of cytokinesis in mitosis compared to cytokinesis in meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis forms two genetically identical daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis ensures that each daughter cell at the end has a unique combination of chromosomes?

    <p>Metaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Telophase in meiosis I from Telophase in mitosis?

    <p>Meiotic Telophase produces two haploid daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process is the chromosome number halved, ensuring the maintenance of species-specific chromosome numbers through generations?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis is responsible for ensuring the formation of genetically identical daughter cells?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?

    <p><strong>Crossing over</strong> between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the outcome between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Formation of two genetically different daughter cells in mitosis and four genetically identical daughter cells in meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the second division (Meiosis II) in terms of genetic variation?

    <p>Results in genetically varied haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves the splitting of centromeres and movement of chromatids to opposite poles in mitosis?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis but not during mitosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage do homologous chromosome pairs line up on the equator during meiosis I?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of Meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Reproduction and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

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