CH 2: Meiosis
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

  • Prophase I (correct)
  • Metaphase I
  • Prophase II
  • Anaphase I

What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

  • Chromosome number is halved (correct)
  • No change in chromosome number
  • Chromosome number doubles
  • Diploid number is maintained

Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?

  • Anaphase I
  • Anaphase II (correct)
  • Metaphase I
  • Metaphase II

What is the significance of non-disjunction during meiosis?

<p>Causes abnormal chromosome count (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in the production of genetically unique daughter cells?

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In abnormal meiosis, what is a significant consequence of non-disjunction?

<p>Abnormal chromosome count (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

<p>To reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes to half of the parent cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis occur in animals for gamete production?

<p>In the sex organs (testes and ovaries) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?

<p>Chromosomal condensation allows chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of Metaphase I in meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

<p>To exchange genetic material between homologous chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?

<p>In the anthers and ovules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?

<p>Mitosis results in two daughter cells, while meiosis results in four daughter cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process, mitosis or meiosis, contributes more to genetic diversity?

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do individual chromosomes line up on the equator?

<p>Metaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

<p>The chromosome number remains constant in mitosis but is halved in meiosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of anaphase in meiosis I compared to anaphase in mitosis?

<p>In anaphase I of meiosis, whole chromosomes are pulled to poles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process do homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase?

<p>Meiosis I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes telophase in mitosis compared to telophase of meiosis I?

<p>Telophase of mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis I results in two haploid non-identical daughter cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the genetic diversity of gametes produced by meiosis but not by mitosis?

<p>Crossing over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the formation of genetically identical daughter cells, both to each other and to the parent cell?

<p>Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

<p>Reproduction and genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Meiosis I in terms of chromosome number compared to the parent cell?

<p>Halved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves the pulling of whole chromosomes to opposite poles in meiosis I?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of genetic diversity, which process contributes more, mitosis or meiosis?

<p>Meiosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?

<p>Formation of identical daughter cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do both karyokinesis and cytokinesis occur twice?

<p>In meiosis only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes metaphase in meiosis I from mitosis?

<p>Homologous chromosome pairs lining up on the equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

<p>Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell, while mitosis maintains the same chromosome number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

<p>Crossing over increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Prophase I in meiosis?

<p>Chromosomes condense and pair up to form bivalents for crossing over. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of meiosis involves the separation of homologous chromosomes?

<p>Anaphase II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of a plant does meiosis occur for the production of spores and gametophytes?

<p>Anthers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?

<p>The random alignment and distribution of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

<p>To reduce the chromosome number in gametes to ensure the correct number upon fertilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to pair up and form bivalents?

<p>Prophase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location where meiosis occurs in animals during gametogenesis?

<p>Testes and ovaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of meiosis in maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species?

<p>Reducing the chromosome number from 2n to n in gametes to prevent doubling in offspring. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of reducing the chromosome number by half during meiosis?

<p>To ensure that offspring have the correct diploid number of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in meiosis ensures that gametes have different combinations of chromosomes?

<p>Crossing over during Prophase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes during meiosis?

<p>Non-disjunction during Anaphase I or II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in Down Syndrome in humans?

<p>By leading to an abnormal gamete with an extra chromosome 21 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key role of crossing over in meiosis?

<p>To create new combinations of genes on each chromosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do chromosomes align randomly at the equator before being separated?

<p>Metaphase I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

<p>To introduce genetic variation through gamete formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain proper chromosomal separation during meiosis?

<p>To reduce the likelihood of non-disjunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of non-disjunction during Anaphase II?

<p>Presence of an extra chromosome in gametes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to genetic diversity within a species during meiosis?

<p>Random assortment of chromosomes at equator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of Meiosis?

<p>Reduction in chromosome number by half in the gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of Meiosis does chromosomal condensation allow homologous chromosomes to form bivalents?

<p>Prophase I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant function of crossing over in Meiosis?

<p>Increasing genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does Meiosis occur in plants for spore and gametophyte production?

<p>Anthers and ovules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of Meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator?

<p>Metaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to maintaining a constant number of chromosomes within a species during Meiosis?

<p>Reduction of chromosome number in gametes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Metaphase I in Meiosis compared to Metaphase in mitosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of Meiosis in sexual reproduction?

<p>Production of gametes with different chromosome combinations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of genetic variation introduced by meiosis?

<p>To create genetically unique gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do centromeres divide, causing sister chromatids to move towards opposite poles?

<p>Anaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of non-disjunction during Anaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Production of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining proper chromosomal separation crucial during meiosis?

<p>To prevent changes in chromosome number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Metaphase II of meiosis?

<p>Chromosomes align at the equator as individual chromatids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does crossing over during Prophase I contribute to genetic variation?

<p>It results in the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do nuclear envelopes reform around each set of chromosomes at the poles?

<p>Telophase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during Anaphase I of meiosis?

<p>Formation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis, what is the crucial difference between daughter cells at the end of Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

<p>Genetically identical vs. genetically varied (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of metaphase in meiosis I compared to metaphase in mitosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes pair up (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During telophase in meiosis I, what is the outcome in terms of daughter cells?

<p>Two genetically varied haploid daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical distinction between anaphase in meiosis I and anaphase in mitosis?

<p>Splitting of centromeres vs. whole chromosomes pulled (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?

<p>Crossing over (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of karyokinesis and cytokinesis in mitosis compared to meiosis?

<p>Once vs. twice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the outcome of meiosis in terms of the chromosome number compared to the parent cell?

<p>Halved chromosome number vs. doubled chromosome number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of crossing over in meiosis?

<p>Increase genetic variability among produced gametes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates telophase in mitosis from telophase I in meiosis?

<p>Genetically varied haploid daughter cells vs. genetically identical diploid daughter cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of Telophase I in meiosis?

<p>Formation of two haploid daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does the nuclear envelope dissolve and spindles form?

<p>Prophase II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of maintaining the correct chromosome number through meiosis?

<p>To maintain a constant chromosome number from generation to generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process in meiosis introduces genetic diversity through the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

<p>Crossing Over (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

<p>Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate correctly during Anaphase I?

<p>Non-disjunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in meiosis involves the formation of gametes with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?

<p>Telophase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of reducing the diploid number of chromosomes to haploid during meiosis?

<p>To prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to genetic diversity during meiosis?

<p>Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of crossing over in meiosis?

<p>Exchange of genetic material between chromatids to increase genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis occur in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?

<p>Anthers and ovules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?

<p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does non-disjunction during meiosis result in an abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes?

<p>Results in the addition or loss of whole chromosomes in daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chromosomal condensation during Prophase I of meiosis?

<p>Pairing up of homologous chromosomes to form bivalents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes significantly to genetic variation during meiosis that is absent in mitosis?

<p>Random assortment and recombination of genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation?

<p>Reduction of diploid chromosome number to haploid in gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does genetic recombination occur, leading to increased genetic variability?

<p>Prophase of Meiosis I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of cytokinesis in mitosis compared to cytokinesis in meiosis?

<p>Mitosis forms two genetically identical daughter cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis ensures that each daughter cell at the end has a unique combination of chromosomes?

<p>Metaphase II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Telophase in meiosis I from Telophase in mitosis?

<p>Meiotic Telophase produces two haploid daughter cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which process is the chromosome number halved, ensuring the maintenance of species-specific chromosome numbers through generations?

<p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is responsible for ensuring the formation of genetically identical daughter cells?

<p>Anaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?

<p><strong>Crossing over</strong> between homologous chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the outcome between mitosis and meiosis?

<p>Formation of two genetically different daughter cells in mitosis and four genetically identical daughter cells in meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do homologous chromosomes pair up in meiosis?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the second division (Meiosis II) in terms of genetic variation?

<p>Results in genetically varied haploid daughter cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase involves the splitting of centromeres and movement of chromatids to opposite poles in mitosis?

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis but not during mitosis?

<p>Crossing over (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage do homologous chromosome pairs line up on the equator during meiosis I?

<p>Metaphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of Meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

<p>Reproduction and genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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