85 Questions
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes
Where does meiosis occur in animals?
In the sex organs (testes and ovaries)
What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents
What is the outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator
Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction?
It ensures offspring have the correct number of chromosomes
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
It increases genetic diversity
Where does meiosis occur in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?
Anthers and ovules
1
How many chromosomes do gametes produced by meiosis contain compared to the parent cell?
Meiosis reduces the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes in a parent cell to haploid (n) in gametes. What is the significance of this reduction?
To prevent doubling of chromosomes in each generation
During Anaphase I of meiosis, what is happening to the homologous chromosomes?
They are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To introduce genetic variation
Which stage of meiosis involves the formation of four haploid daughter cells?
Telophase II
What can result from non-disjunction during meiosis?
Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes
Which process leads to the introduction of new combinations of genes on each chromosome?
Crossing over
What condition is characterized by an extra chromosome 21 and physical and cognitive malformations?
Down Syndrome
In humans, non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis can result in:
'Inferior' offspring
What is one key difference between mitosis and meiosis with respect to chromosome number?
In mitosis, daughter cells have a diploid chromosome number.
Which statement accurately describes the role of meiosis in genetic diversity?
Meiosis introduces new gene combinations through processes like crossing over and random assortment.
During which process does crossing over occur?
Meiosis
In which process are the daughter cells genetically identical to each other and the parent cell?
Mitosis
What is the role of Meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?
Reproduction and genetic diversity
Which phase of mitosis involves the splitting of centromeres and movement of chromatids to opposite poles?
Anaphase
How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?
Two
What contributes to maintaining the species-specific chromosome number through generations?
Halving of chromosome number in Meiosis
Which phase of meiosis involves homologous chromosomes pairing up?
Prophase
What distinguishes the daughter cells produced by Meiosis from those produced by Mitosis?
Genetic difference from each other and parent cell
Which process occurs to maintain growth and maintenance in organisms?
Mitosis
What is a key feature that distinguishes Anaphase in Mitosis from Anaphase I in Meiosis?
Movement of chromatids to opposite poles
What is the key outcome of the first meiotic division (Meiosis I)?
Reduction of the diploid chromosome number to haploid
Which event in meiosis results in increased genetic diversity?
Crossing over during Prophase I
Where does meiosis take place in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?
Anthers and ovules
What makes meiosis different from mitosis with respect to chromosome number?
Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the chromosome number
During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents?
Prophase I
What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Maintain constant chromosome numbers within a species
What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?
It increases genetic diversity among offspring
What distinguishes the first meiotic division (Meiosis I) from the second division (Meiosis II)?
Sister chromatids separate in Meiosis II
What is a critical location where meiosis takes place in animal organisms?
Testes and ovaries
What is the main purpose of crossing over during meiosis?
Increase genetic variation among offspring
What is a key difference between the daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis?
Daughter cells in mitosis are genetically identical, while those in meiosis are genetically different.
During which phase of meiosis does the chromosome number become halved?
Anaphase I
What is a characteristic feature of Anaphase I in meiosis that is not seen in Anaphase of mitosis?
Whole chromosomes pulled to opposite poles
Which process contributes significantly to genetic diversity among offspring?
Crossing over during meiosis
In which phase of mitosis are individual chromosomes arranged on the equator?
Metaphase
What is a key function of meiosis in maintaining species-specific chromosome numbers?
'Halving' the chromosome number
Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
What is a significant impact of Meiosis II following Meiosis I?
End products are haploid but genetically varied.
What does Crossing over during meiosis contribute to?
Increasing genetic diversity among produced gametes.
When does Meiosis resemble mitosis in terms of division?
During Metaphase II.
What is the significance of chromosome reduction from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) in meiosis?
To maintain a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is the consequence of non-disjunction in meiosis?
Generation of abnormal gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes
In humans, which chromosomal condition can result from non-disjunction during meiosis?
Down Syndrome
What is a key feature that distinguishes Anaphase II in meiosis from Anaphase in mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate in Anaphase II, while homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase
What is the primary outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?
Separation of homologous chromosomes towards opposite poles
How does genetic variation occur in meiosis?
Via random assortment and crossing over of chromosomes
What is the role of meiosis in maintaining genetic diversity within a species?
Introducing new combinations of genes on each chromosome
What is the significance of the reduction from diploid to haploid during meiosis?
To prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation
During Prophase I of meiosis, what contributes to genetic diversity?
Crossing over
Where does meiosis primarily occur in animals for gametogenesis?
Sex organs (testes and ovaries)
What is a key feature of Metaphase I in meiosis that contributes to genetic variation?
Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes
In the context of meiosis, what is the role of crossing over during Prophase I?
To exchange genetic material and increase diversity
Which phase in meiosis involves the pairing up and formation of bivalents by homologous chromosomes?
Prophase I
What does meiosis ensure regarding chromosome number within a species from generation to generation?
Maintenance of a constant number of chromosomes
What is a characteristic feature of Anaphase I in meiosis that distinguishes it from Anaphase in mitosis?
Movement of chromosomes to opposite poles
What happens during Telophase I of meiosis that is crucial for subsequent stages?
Cytokinesis forming two daughter cells
How does Meiosis contribute to genetic diversity compared to Mitosis?
By random arrangement of homologous chromosomes in Metaphase I
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, leading to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?
Prophase I
What is a key difference between the daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis?
Daughter cells in mitosis are genetically identical, while in meiosis they are genetically different.
What is the outcome of non-disjunction during Anaphase I of meiosis?
Production of gametes with an extra chromosome
What distinguishes Anaphase I in meiosis from Anaphase in mitosis?
In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles, while in mitosis individual chromosomes are separated.
Which phase of meiosis involves the dissolution of the nuclear envelope, formation of spindles, and alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?
Prophase II
What is the significance of chromosome reduction from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) in meiosis?
It increases genetic variability within the species.
What is the significance of random assortment during Metaphase I and II of meiosis?
Creation of new combinations of genes on chromosomes
Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?
Pairing of homologous chromosomes
In the context of meiosis, what is chiasmata?
The sites where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
What contributes to genetic diversity among offspring produced through meiosis?
Crossing over
What occurs during Telophase I of meiosis?
Reformation of nuclear envelopes and cell division
In which process are daughter cells genetically different from each other and the parent cell?
Meiosis
Why is it crucial for meiosis to reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
To ensure offspring have the correct number of chromosomes upon fertilization
What role does crossing over play in the process of meiosis?
It increases genetic diversity among gametes.
What is a potential consequence of non-disjunction during Meiosis II?
Production of zygotes with an incorrect chromosome count
What is the outcome of Telophase I in meiosis?
Two haploid daughter cells
What distinguishes Prophase II from Prophase I in meiosis?
Spindle formation and nuclear envelope breakdown
During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents?
Metaphase I
What contributes to the genetic uniqueness of gametes produced through meiosis?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
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