Hfst 2: Meiosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

  • To create genetic variation through crossing over
  • To double the number of chromosomes in offspring
  • To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes (correct)
  • To produce identical daughter cells

    • Where does meiosis occur in animals?

  • In the lungs
  • In the digestive system
  • In the sex organs (testes and ovaries) (correct)
  • In the brain

    • What happens during Prophase I of meiosis?

  • Chromosomes align at the cell equator
  • Genetic material is exchanged between non-homologous chromosomes
  • Cell undergoes cytokinesis
  • Homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents (correct)

    • What is the outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes align at the cell equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction?

    <p>It ensures offspring have the correct number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?

    <p>Anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1

    <p>How many chromosomes do gametes produced by meiosis contain compared to the parent cell?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meiosis reduces the diploid (2n) number of chromosomes in a parent cell to haploid (n) in gametes. What is the significance of this reduction?

    <p>To prevent doubling of chromosomes in each generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Anaphase I of meiosis, what is happening to the homologous chromosomes?

    <p>They are pulled to opposite poles of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>To introduce genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis involves the formation of four haploid daughter cells?

    <p>Telophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Abnormal number of chromosomes in gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the introduction of new combinations of genes on each chromosome?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an extra chromosome 21 and physical and cognitive malformations?

    <p>Down Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, non-disjunction of chromosomes during meiosis can result in:

    <p>'Inferior' offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key difference between mitosis and meiosis with respect to chromosome number?

    <p>In mitosis, daughter cells have a diploid chromosome number.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of meiosis in genetic diversity?

    <p>Meiosis introduces new gene combinations through processes like crossing over and random assortment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which process does crossing over occur?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process are the daughter cells genetically identical to each other and the parent cell?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Reproduction and genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the splitting of centromeres and movement of chromatids to opposite poles?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to maintaining the species-specific chromosome number through generations?

    <p>Halving of chromosome number in Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis involves homologous chromosomes pairing up?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the daughter cells produced by Meiosis from those produced by Mitosis?

    <p>Genetic difference from each other and parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs to maintain growth and maintenance in organisms?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes Anaphase in Mitosis from Anaphase I in Meiosis?

    <p>Movement of chromatids to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key outcome of the first meiotic division (Meiosis I)?

    <p>Reduction of the diploid chromosome number to haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event in meiosis results in increased genetic diversity?

    <p>Crossing over during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis take place in plants for the production of spores and gametophytes?

    <p>Anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes meiosis different from mitosis with respect to chromosome number?

    <p>Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Maintain constant chromosome numbers within a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity among offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the first meiotic division (Meiosis I) from the second division (Meiosis II)?

    <p>Sister chromatids separate in Meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical location where meiosis takes place in animal organisms?

    <p>Testes and ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>Increase genetic variation among offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Daughter cells in mitosis are genetically identical, while those in meiosis are genetically different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does the chromosome number become halved?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Anaphase I in meiosis that is not seen in Anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Whole chromosomes pulled to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes significantly to genetic diversity among offspring?

    <p>Crossing over during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis are individual chromosomes arranged on the equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of meiosis in maintaining species-specific chromosome numbers?

    <p>'Halving' the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Pairing of homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant impact of Meiosis II following Meiosis I?

    <p>End products are haploid but genetically varied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Crossing over during meiosis contribute to?

    <p>Increasing genetic diversity among produced gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does Meiosis resemble mitosis in terms of division?

    <p>During Metaphase II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of chromosome reduction from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) in meiosis?

    <p>To maintain a constant chromosome number from one generation to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of non-disjunction in meiosis?

    <p>Generation of abnormal gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, which chromosomal condition can result from non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Down Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes Anaphase II in meiosis from Anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Sister chromatids separate in Anaphase II, while homologous chromosomes separate in Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of Metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>Separation of homologous chromosomes towards opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does genetic variation occur in meiosis?

    <p>Via random assortment and crossing over of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of meiosis in maintaining genetic diversity within a species?

    <p>Introducing new combinations of genes on each chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the reduction from diploid to haploid during meiosis?

    <p>To prevent the doubling of chromosomes in each generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During Prophase I of meiosis, what contributes to genetic diversity?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis primarily occur in animals for gametogenesis?

    <p>Sex organs (testes and ovaries)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of Metaphase I in meiosis that contributes to genetic variation?

    <p>Random arrangement of homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of meiosis, what is the role of crossing over during Prophase I?

    <p>To exchange genetic material and increase diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in meiosis involves the pairing up and formation of bivalents by homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does meiosis ensure regarding chromosome number within a species from generation to generation?

    <p>Maintenance of a constant number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Anaphase I in meiosis that distinguishes it from Anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Movement of chromosomes to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during Telophase I of meiosis that is crucial for subsequent stages?

    <p>Cytokinesis forming two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Meiosis contribute to genetic diversity compared to Mitosis?

    <p>By random arrangement of homologous chromosomes in Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, leading to the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Daughter cells in mitosis are genetically identical, while in meiosis they are genetically different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of non-disjunction during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Production of gametes with an extra chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Anaphase I in meiosis from Anaphase in mitosis?

    <p>In Anaphase I, homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles, while in mitosis individual chromosomes are separated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis involves the dissolution of the nuclear envelope, formation of spindles, and alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator?

    <p>Prophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of chromosome reduction from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) in meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic variability within the species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of random assortment during Metaphase I and II of meiosis?

    <p>Creation of new combinations of genes on chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event occurs during Prophase I of meiosis that distinguishes it from Prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Pairing of homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of meiosis, what is chiasmata?

    <p>The sites where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to genetic diversity among offspring produced through meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Telophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Reformation of nuclear envelopes and cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process are daughter cells genetically different from each other and the parent cell?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for meiosis to reduce the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?

    <p>To ensure offspring have the correct number of chromosomes upon fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does crossing over play in the process of meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity among gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of non-disjunction during Meiosis II?

    <p>Production of zygotes with an incorrect chromosome count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of Telophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Two haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Prophase II from Prophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Spindle formation and nuclear envelope breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents?

    <p>Metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the genetic uniqueness of gametes produced through meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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