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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
What is the main purpose of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
- To create identical diploid cells
- To protect genetic material from mutations
- To repair damaged cells in the body
- To produce haploid gametes for genetic diversity (correct)
During which phase of Meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate?
During which phase of Meiosis I do homologous chromosomes separate?
- Metaphase I
- Telophase I
- Prophase I
- Anaphase I (correct)
What occurs during crossing over?
What occurs during crossing over?
- Two diploid cells form from one cell
- Tetrads align at the cell equator
- Sister chromatids are separated
- Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material (correct)
What is the significance of independent assortment during meiosis?
What is the significance of independent assortment during meiosis?
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What is the chromosomal state of the cells produced at the end of Meiosis II?
What is the chromosomal state of the cells produced at the end of Meiosis II?
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Study Notes
Definition of Meiosis
- Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division.
- Produces haploid gametes (sex cells) containing half the chromosomes of the original diploid parent cell.
- Crucial for sexual reproduction.
Stages of Meiosis
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Meiosis I:
- Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, pair up via synapsis, forming tetrads.
- Potential for crossing over, exchanging genetic material, enhancing diversity.
- Metaphase I: Tetrads align along the cell's equatorial plane.
- Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are separated and move toward opposite poles.
- Telophase I: Cell divides, resulting in two new cells, each with a haploid number of chromosomes.
- Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, pair up via synapsis, forming tetrads.
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Meiosis II:
- Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again for the second division.
- Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.
- Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles.
- Telophase II: Result is four haploid cells, each with a unique combination of genetic material.
Key Terms
- Diploid (2n): Cells containing two complete sets of chromosomes.
- Haploid (n): Cells with one complete set of chromosomes, characteristic of gametes.
- Homologous chromosomes: Chromosomal pairs, one from each parent, carrying the same genes but potentially featuring different alleles.
- Crossing over: The process during prophase I where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, contributing to genetic diversity.
Importance of Meiosis
- Essential for generating genetic variety in offspring through mechanisms like independent assortment and crossing over.
- Plays a vital role in evolutionary processes and adaptations through enhanced genetic diversity.
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