18 Questions
What is the name of the sugar component in a nucleotide of DNA?
Deoxyribose
Which two scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
Francis Crick and James Watson
What is the complementary base pair for the nitrogen base adenine (A) in DNA?
Thymine (T)
Describe the role of the G2 phase in the cell cycle.
The G2 phase is a growth phase where the cell double-checks everything is ready and fixes any mistakes before it starts to divide.
What is the process called when a cell finally splits into two separate cells after dividing its DNA?
Cytokinesis
What is the full name for the abbreviation DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the purpose of meiosis in the reproductive system?
Meiosis is the process that creates four unique haploid cells from one diploid cell, each with a single set of chromosomes. This is important for making gametes (sperm and eggs) in the reproductive system.
How does mitosis differ from meiosis in terms of the number of daughter cells produced?
Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.
What is the purpose of the $S$ phase during interphase of the cell cycle?
The $S$ phase of interphase is when the cell copies its DNA so that each new cell produced during cell division will have a full set of genetic material.
Describe the role of spindle fibers during cell division.
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes during cell division and pull the sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell during anaphase, ensuring each new cell receives a complete set of genetic material.
How does the process of meiosis contribute to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms?
Meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells through the random assortment of chromosomes and the process of crossing over. This genetic diversity is important for the survival and adaptation of sexually reproducing organisms.
Explain the importance of the $G1$ phase of interphase in the cell cycle.
The $G1$ phase of interphase is when the cell grows and produces the necessary organelles and molecules it will need for the upcoming cell division process. This preparation is crucial for the cell to successfully divide and produce two healthy daughter cells.
What is the basic unit of inheritance?
The gene is considered the basic unit of inheritance.
How many protein-coding genes do humans have approximately?
Humans have approximately 20,000 protein-coding genes.
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
A genotype refers to the particular trait or characteristic, while a phenotype refers to the physical appearance of a person, such as eye color or hair color.
How many chromosomes do humans have, and what is the difference between males and females?
Humans have 46 chromosomes, with 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males).
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis is the process of splitting a cell into four (sex cells), while mitosis is the process of cell division for growth and repair (somatic cells).
Describe the events that occur during Prophase I of meiosis.
During Prophase I of meiosis, chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up.
Learn about the process of meiosis, which involves two rounds of cell division resulting in the production of four haploid cells. This quiz covers the key stages of meiosis, including Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II.
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