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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
When does Interphase occur?
When does Interphase occur?
before meiosis
What occurs during Interphase?
What occurs during Interphase?
the cell does normal cell activities
What is uncoiled stringy DNA called?
What is uncoiled stringy DNA called?
chromatin
How many pieces of chromatin do human cells have?
How many pieces of chromatin do human cells have?
Where does your DNA come from? (Select all that apply)
Where does your DNA come from? (Select all that apply)
DNA has _____ that determine the trait of an organism.
DNA has _____ that determine the trait of an organism.
Different forms of a gene are called _____.
Different forms of a gene are called _____.
_____ is when DNA copies itself during _____.
_____ is when DNA copies itself during _____.
What are made during Meiosis? List examples.
What are made during Meiosis? List examples.
Meiosis occurs in _____ divisions; Meiosis _____ and Meiosis _____.
Meiosis occurs in _____ divisions; Meiosis _____ and Meiosis _____.
What are the phases of Meiosis I?
What are the phases of Meiosis I?
What are the phases of Meiosis II?
What are the phases of Meiosis II?
During Prophase I, the chromosomes _____ and become _____.
During Prophase I, the chromosomes _____ and become _____.
Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes are called _____ _____.
Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes are called _____ _____.
Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a _____ _____.
Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a _____ _____.
Sister chromatids are _____.
Sister chromatids are _____.
The nucleus _____ during Prophase.
The nucleus _____ during Prophase.
Homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I to form a _____.
Homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I to form a _____.
What happens during crossing over?
What happens during crossing over?
During Metaphase I, the tetrads line up in the _____ of the cell.
During Metaphase I, the tetrads line up in the _____ of the cell.
The homologous chromosomes split up and move toward the opposite ends of the cell during _____.
The homologous chromosomes split up and move toward the opposite ends of the cell during _____.
_____ independent cells begin to form during _____.
_____ independent cells begin to form during _____.
_____ is the division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells.
_____ is the division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells.
The two new cells that are formed from Meiosis I are _____ because they contain half of the chromosomes of the original cell that started Meiosis.
The two new cells that are formed from Meiosis I are _____ because they contain half of the chromosomes of the original cell that started Meiosis.
At the start of Meiosis I, you had 1 _____ cell.
At the start of Meiosis I, you had 1 _____ cell.
Meiosis II must take place because each of our new cells still has too much _____.
Meiosis II must take place because each of our new cells still has too much _____.
The nucleus _____ during Prophase II.
The nucleus _____ during Prophase II.
In Metaphase II, the chromosomes line up single file down the _____ of the cell.
In Metaphase II, the chromosomes line up single file down the _____ of the cell.
In _____, the sister chromatids split up.
In _____, the sister chromatids split up.
In Telophase II, _____ _____ daughter cells called _____ are being formed.
In Telophase II, _____ _____ daughter cells called _____ are being formed.
Each newly formed cell will form a _____ around the chromosomes.
Each newly formed cell will form a _____ around the chromosomes.
The chromosomes _____ to form _____.
The chromosomes _____ to form _____.
_____ occurs at the same time as Telophase II.
_____ occurs at the same time as Telophase II.
At the end of Meiosis II, you have made _____ _____ gametes (sex cells).
At the end of Meiosis II, you have made _____ _____ gametes (sex cells).
If the gametes are produced by a female, they are called? (Select all that apply)
If the gametes are produced by a female, they are called? (Select all that apply)
If the gametes are produced by a male, they are called _____.
If the gametes are produced by a male, they are called _____.
What process in cells undergoing Meiosis increases genetic diversity?
What process in cells undergoing Meiosis increases genetic diversity?
How many cells are produced by Meiosis?
How many cells are produced by Meiosis?
How many varieties of gametes are produced by meiosis without crossing over?
How many varieties of gametes are produced by meiosis without crossing over?
What do you call two genes that are often inherited together?
What do you call two genes that are often inherited together?
What exchanged DNA during crossing over?
What exchanged DNA during crossing over?
How many cells are produced by Meiosis in cells that do crossing over?
How many cells are produced by Meiosis in cells that do crossing over?
How many varieties of gametes are produced by Meiosis with crossing over?
How many varieties of gametes are produced by Meiosis with crossing over?
What is another term for the chromosomes that result from crossing over?
What is another term for the chromosomes that result from crossing over?
Does crossing over occur for every chromosome every time gametes are produced?
Does crossing over occur for every chromosome every time gametes are produced?
When does Independent Assortment occur?
When does Independent Assortment occur?
The way each chromosome lines up during Metaphase I is _____.
The way each chromosome lines up during Metaphase I is _____.
The alignment of the top pair of chromosomes will affect the alignment of the bottom pair.
The alignment of the top pair of chromosomes will affect the alignment of the bottom pair.
How many different combinations are possible in the first part of Meiosis because of Independent Assortment?
How many different combinations are possible in the first part of Meiosis because of Independent Assortment?
What separates during Anaphase II?
What separates during Anaphase II?
How does Independent Assortment affect genetic diversity?
How does Independent Assortment affect genetic diversity?
What are the two types of gametes?
What are the two types of gametes?
What process occurs when the sperm and egg combine?
What process occurs when the sperm and egg combine?
For human beings, there are _____ of possible sperm and _____ of possible eggs which can be produced resulting in _____ of possible genetic combinations.
For human beings, there are _____ of possible sperm and _____ of possible eggs which can be produced resulting in _____ of possible genetic combinations.
A genetic cross that looks at two traits is a _____ cross.
A genetic cross that looks at two traits is a _____ cross.
What goes inside the boxes of a Punnet Square?
What goes inside the boxes of a Punnet Square?
How many gene combinations are possible in gamete production for a dihybrid cross? Why?
How many gene combinations are possible in gamete production for a dihybrid cross? Why?
What is the term for a fertilized egg?
What is the term for a fertilized egg?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Interphase
Interphase
The phase of the cell cycle before meiosis where the cell performs normal functions.
Chromatin
Chromatin
Uncoiled, stringy DNA found in the nucleus of a cell.
Meiosis
Meiosis
The process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and eggs) with half the number of chromosomes.
Meiosis I
Meiosis I
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Meiosis II
Meiosis II
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Prophase I
Prophase I
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Metaphase I
Metaphase I
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Anaphase I
Anaphase I
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Telophase I
Telophase I
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Haploid cells
Haploid cells
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Diploid cells
Diploid cells
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Prophase II
Prophase II
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Metaphase II
Metaphase II
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Anaphase II
Anaphase II
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Telophase II
Telophase II
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Crossing over
Crossing over
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Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids
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Independent assortment
Independent assortment
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Zygote
Zygote
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Punnett square
Punnett square
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Dihybrid cross
Dihybrid cross
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FOIL method
FOIL method
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Genes
Genes
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Alleles
Alleles
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Genetic inheritance
Genetic inheritance
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DNA replication
DNA replication
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Interphase and Chromatin
- Interphase occurs before meiosis, during which the cell performs normal activities.
- Chromatin refers to uncoiled, stringy DNA, and human cells contain 46 pieces of chromatin.
Genetic Inheritance
- DNA is inherited half from the mother and half from the father.
- Genes are segments of DNA that determine traits.
- Different forms of a gene are called alleles.
Meiosis Overview
- Meiosis involves two divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II, producing gametes (sperm and eggs).
- The phases of Meiosis I include Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I.
- The phases of Meiosis II are Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II.
Chromosome Behavior
- During Prophase I, chromosomes condense and become visible, pairing as homologous chromosomes to form tetrads.
- Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information, enhancing genetic diversity.
- Sister chromatids, identical halves of a replicated chromosome, separate during Anaphase II.
Cell Division and Resulting Cells
- Cytokinesis, the cytoplasm's division, occurs during Telophase I and is essential for creating two new cells.
- At the end of Meiosis I, two haploid cells are formed; these have half the chromosome number of the original diploid cell.
- Meiosis II further divides these cells, resulting in four haploid gametes.
Genetic Variability
- Four gametes are produced, and if crossing over occurs, they are nonidentical.
- Independent assortment occurs during Metaphase I and Metaphase II, allowing random distribution of chromosomes, contributing to genetic diversity.
Fertilization and Genetic Combinations
- Each sperm and egg produced results in trillions of possible genetic combinations after fertilization.
- The term for a fertilized egg is zygote, which marks the beginning of a new organism's development.
Punnett Squares and Dihybrid Crosses
- A dihybrid cross examines two traits and can yield 16 possible combinations in a Punnett square.
- In gamete production for a dihybrid cross, there are 8 combinations possible due to the FOIL method, reflecting the genetic diversity possible from two traits.
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