Meiosis and Genetic Variation Quiz
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Meiosis and Genetic Variation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How many chromosomes are present after meiosis II?

  • 69
  • 46
  • 92
  • 23 (correct)

    • The chromosome count remains the same throughout the stages of mitosis.

    True

    What is the total number of chromatids at the end of interphase during meiosis?

    92

    After DNA replication, the number of chromatids in meiosis is _____.

    <p>92</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of meiosis with their respective chromosome counts:

    <p>Before interphase = 46 After interphase = 46 After meiosis I = 23 After meiosis II = 23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis results in the reduction of chromosome number?

    <p>Meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two daughter cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference in chromosome number between after meiosis I and after meiosis II?

    <p>After meiosis I there are 23 chromosomes, and after meiosis II there are also 23 chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does allele E code for?

    <p>Long antennae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allele 'a' is responsible for coding red eyes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when the positions of alleles are switched during meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The alleles E and A code for _____ antennae and _____ eyes.

    <p>long, red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the allele combinations with their corresponding phenotypes:

    <p>E and A = Long antennae and red eyes e and A = Short antennae and red eyes e and a = Short antennae and brown eyes E and a = Long antennae and brown eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is independent assortment during meiosis?

    <p>The random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crossing over leads to genetically identical gametes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different types of gametes are formed from the two loci mentioned?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During metaphase I, homologous chromosomes line up on the _____ of the spindle.

    <p>equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alleles code for short antennae?

    <p>e and a</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of bracketing linkage groups in a genetic diagram?

    <p>To track linked alleles more effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two genes are linked, offspring ratios will be similar to those when genes are not linked.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the genotypes of the plants that produced the heterozygous plants in the given genetic scenario?

    <p>YYPP and yypp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mice, gene A produces _____ distribution of melanin in fur.

    <p>banding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the genotypes with their corresponding phenotype outcomes in mice:

    <p>AAbb = Agouti Aabb = Agouti and Black aabb = Black AaBb = Agouti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario describes recessive epistasis in coat color in Labrador retrievers?

    <p>BB or Bb produces a black coat, bb produces a golden coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a white mouse is crossed with a pure-breeding black mouse (aaBB), the expected offspring from a mouse with genotype Aabb are _____ agouti and _____ black.

    <p>half, half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What offspring ratio is expected when crossing a white mouse with the genotype Aabb?

    <p>3 agouti : 1 black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in gene expression?

    <p>They bind to DNA and regulate the rate of transcription.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors can only increase the rate of transcription.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the transcription factor PIF bind to in order to enable the production of amylase?

    <p>The promoter region next to the gene that codes for amylase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When gibberellin is present, it activates an enzyme that breaks down the ____ protein.

    <p>DELLA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Transcription Factor = Protein that binds to DNA to regulate transcription PIF = Transcription factor that promotes amylase production DELLA Protein = Inhibits PIF binding to the promoter Gibberellin = Hormone that promotes PIF activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary genetic cause of sickle cell anaemia?

    <p>Abnormal allele of HBB gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with sickle cell anaemia always produce only sickle cell haemoglobin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amino acid is replaced by valine in the abnormal β-globin polypeptide?

    <p>Glutamic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The F8 gene codes for factor _____, which is crucial for blood clotting.

    <p>VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>HBB gene = Codes for β-globin Factor VIII = Initiates blood clotting Sickle hemoglobin = Causes red blood cells to clump von Willebrand factor = Binds inactive factor VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with sickle cell anaemia?

    <p>Frequent infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A heterozygous individual for the HBB gene will definitely show symptoms of sickle cell anaemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mutation in the HBB gene results in the change of amino acids in the β-globin chain?

    <p>A single base change from GAG to GTG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Meiosis and Chromosome Number

    • During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved.
    • Before interphase, a cell has 46 chromosomes and 46 chromatids.
    • After interphase (DNA replication), a cell has 46 chromosomes and 92 chromatids.
    • After meiosis I, a cell has 23 chromosomes and 46 chromatids.
    • After meiosis II, a cell has 23 chromosomes and 23 chromatids.

    Crossing Over

    • During meiosis, crossing over can occur between homologous chromosomes, switching the position of alleles.
    • Crossing over produces new combinations of alleles.

    Independent Assortment

    • The random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis produces different combinations of alleles.
    • Independent assortment contributes to genetic variation by creating different combinations of alleles in gametes.

    Epistasis

    • Epistasis refers to the interaction of different genes which can influence phenotypic expression.
    • For example, in mice, two genes can affect fur colour: the gene for melanin distribution and the gene for melanin presence.

    Sickle Cell Anaemia

    • The HBB gene codes for beta-globin, a polypeptide found in haemoglobin.
    • Sickle cell anaemia results from a mutation in the HBB gene leading to an abnormal amino acid sequence in beta-globin.
    • This abnormal beta-globin alters the shape of red blood cells, causing them to sickle and become inflexible.
    • Individuals with sickle cell anaemia experience symptoms like frequent infections, episodes of pain, and anaemia.

    Haemophilia

    • The F8 gene codes for factor VIII, a clotting factor crucial for blood clotting.
    • Mutations in the F8 gene can lead to either reduced or abnormal factor VIII production, causing haemophilia.

    Transcription Factors

    • Transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression by increasing or decreasing transcription rates.
    • Transcription factors can bind to the promoter region of a gene to either allow or prevent transcription.
    • For example, the production of amylase in germinating seeds is regulated by the transcription factor PIF.
    • This regulation is affected by gibberellin, a plant hormone, which binds to a receptor and activates an enzyme. This enzyme breaks down a protein called DELLA, allowing PIF to bind to the promoter region of the amylase gene, initiating the production of amylase.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about meiosis, chromosome number, and genetic variation. This quiz covers key concepts such as crossing over, independent assortment, and epistasis. Perfect for biology students looking to deepen their understanding of these important genetic processes.

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