Medieval Times to Age of Exploration
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the feudal system's economic structure?

  • A system based on international trade and currency exchange.
  • A centralized system where the king controlled all aspects of production and distributed resources.
  • A decentralized system where each fief produced goods and services, and serfs labored for lords in exchange for protection. (correct)
  • A system where wealth was primarily accumulated through coinage.

    • Vassalage in the feudal system was solely based on written contracts and legal documents.

    False (B)

    Besides providing land, what other key obligation did a feudal lord have toward his vassals?

    justice and protection

    In the feudal system, poor peasants seeking support and protection became vassals or ______ of the nobles.

    <p>serfs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the roles with their descriptions during the Middle Ages:

    <p>King = The supreme ruler who granted land to nobles in exchange for their loyalty and support. Nobles = Also known as lords or vassals, they received land from the king and had their own serfs. Knights = Warriors who served the king or a feudal lord, and could gain wealth through battle. Serfs = Peasants who farmed the land and served the feudal lord in exchange for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event formally divided the Christian world into the Greek Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?

    <p>The Eastern Schism in 1054 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Islam, like Christianity, played a significant role in unifying disparate peoples.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the holy book of Islam, believed to contain the revelations received by Muhammad?

    <p>Quran</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Muslims adopted and translated knowledge from conquered lands, developing fields such as ______, which is still used today.

    <p>algebra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following locations with their significance during the Middle Ages:

    <p>Jerusalem = Sacred city for both Christians and Muslims Córdoba = Exemplified Islamic architecture Mecca = The holiest city in Islam. Not present in given text. Rome = Seat of the papacy and the Roman Catholic Church. Not present in given text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the Crusades, launched by Christian armies in the 11th century?

    <p>To recover the city of Jerusalem from Muslim control. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Islamic empire never expanded into Europe.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the followers of Islam?

    <p>Muslims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary shift in commercial activities following the exploration of the Americas, Africa, and Asia?

    <p>A shift in focus from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Spain decide to support Christopher Columbus's voyage, despite potential conflicts with Portugal?

    <p>To avoid war with Portugal and find an alternative Atlantic route to Asia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Atlantic Ocean is believed to be older than 500 million years.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Christopher Columbus was the first explorer to realize that sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean was a shorter route to Asia.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean, capable of containing Mount Everest?

    <p>Puerto Rico Trench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before Columbus, the Atlantic Ocean was known as the ______.

    <p>Ocean Sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the agreement that formalized the terms between Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Monarchs for his voyage?

    <p>Capitulations of Santa Fe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Columbus's expedition initially sighted land on October 12, 1492, on an island in the present-day ______.

    <p>Bahamas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the consequence of European colonization with the description:

    <p>Development of new European colonies = Expansion of European influence across the globe Introduction of new products = Exchange of goods between Europe and America Extermination of indigenous peoples = Result of diseases, violence, and slavery Growth of Atlantic slave trade = Arose because of the need for labor in the new world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ships with their role in Christopher Columbus's first voyage:

    <p>La Pinta = First ship to sight land in the Americas La Niña = One of the ships used in the voyage La Santa María = Columbus's flagship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivated the sailors who accompanied Columbus on his first voyage, despite knowing the risks?

    <p>The promise of wealth and riches from the new lands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After discovering Guanahaní, Columbus realized he had landed on a previously unknown continent, separate from Asia.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did the crew of the Pinta take that upset Columbus during the first voyage, causing him to pursue them?

    <p>Sailed away from the other two caravels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary objective of Columbus's second voyage to the New World?

    <p>To colonize the new territory and spread Christianity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Columbus died believing he had reached Asia.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What name did Columbus give to the island of Borikén, which is now known as Puerto Rico?

    <p>San Juan Bautista</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During his third voyage, Columbus was arrested and sent to ______ due to complaints from his crew.

    <p>Spain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following locations with Columbus's voyages:

    <p>Hispaniola = First Voyage San Juan Bautista (Borikén) = Second Voyage Northern Coast of South America = Third Voyage Central America = Fourth Voyage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following items were NOT brought by Columbus on his second voyage?

    <p>Slaves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    La Isabela, the first Hispanic settlement in the New World, was founded in present-day Cuba.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before Columbus, which group of people is known to have arrived in the Americas?

    <p>Vikings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary symbol that gave the Crusades their name?

    <p>The cross-shaped insignia on soldiers' clothing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Crusades were solely motivated by religious factors, with no economic or political influences.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the main effects of constant wars in the 14th century Europe?

    <p>Decline in agricultural production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bubonic plague, also known as the ______, caused a significant population decline in 14th century Europe.

    <p>Black Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following consequences with their corresponding events.

    <p>Crusades = Stimulation of trade between Europe and Asia 14th Century Wars and Plague = Decline in agricultural production and widespread famine Renaissance = Revival of interest in Greek and Roman culture Age of Exploration = Search for new trade routes to Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement emphasized the importance of human beings as the central focus of society during the Renaissance?

    <p>Humanism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Age of Exploration, European powers sought new trade routes to Asia, because existing routes were controlled by Italian and Turkish powers, leading to increased prices.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one invention of the Renaissance era that contributed to the scientific and technical renewal.

    <p>Printing press</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Feudalism

    A social system in medieval Europe where nobles held lands from the king in exchange for loyalty and service.

    Vassalage

    A system of mutual obligations between a lord and his vassals, established through a verbal contract.

    Knighthood

    A social rank for warriors in the Middle Ages who served lords or kings, often as a matter of honor.

    Feudal Economy

    An economy based on agricultural production from land held by lords and farmed by serfs.

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    Christianity in the Middle Ages

    The dominant religion in Europe during the Middle Ages, shaping society and culture.

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    Eastern Schism

    The split between the Greek Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches in 1054.

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    Islam

    A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.

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    Quran

    The holy book of Islam, containing revelations from Muhammad.

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    Mosque

    A temple of worship for Muslims.

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    Crusades

    A series of holy wars launched by Christians to reclaim Jerusalem.

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    Jerusalem

    A city sacred to both Christians and Muslims, important in their religions.

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    Muslims

    Followers of Islam who believe in one God, Allah.

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    Arabic numerals

    The number system introduced by Muslims, still used today.

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    Atlantic Ocean

    The second largest ocean, dividing into North and South Atlantic.

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    Impact of European Colonization

    New colonies were established in Americas, Africa, and Asia.

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    Extermination of Indigenous Peoples

    Many indigenous populations were decimated by diseases and violence.

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    Atlantic Slave Trade

    The forced transportation of enslaved Africans to the Americas.

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    Ocean Sea

    Ancient name for the Atlantic Ocean, feared by early sailors.

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    Black Death

    A devastating plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century, killing millions.

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    Renaissance

    A cultural revival in Europe during the 15th century focusing on humanism and science.

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    Humanism

    An intellectual movement during the Renaissance emphasizing human values and science over religion.

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    Geographical Knowledge

    Understanding of land and trade routes that expanded during the Crusades and Renaissance.

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    Age of Exploration

    A period when European kingdoms sought new routes for trade with Asia, bypassing intermediaries.

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    Impact of Famine

    Decline in agricultural production leading to malnutrition and population decrease in the 14th century.

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    Technological Innovations

    New inventions like the printing press and telescope that emerged during the Renaissance.

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    Hispaniola

    An island in the Caribbean, now Dominican Republic and Haiti.

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    Columbus's second voyage

    Columbus's journey in 1493 to colonize and evangelize the New World.

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    La Isabela

    The first Hispanic settlement in the New World founded by Columbus in 1494.

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    Vikings

    Norse explorers who reached the Americas centuries before Columbus.

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    Santa María

    The flagship that Columbus sailed on his first voyage which sank near Hispaniola.

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    Columbus's third voyage

    Columbus's 1498 expedition to South America, where he faced mutiny.

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    Columbus's fourth voyage

    Columbus's last expedition in 1502, seeking a route to Asia.

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    Catholic Monarchs

    The titles of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain who sponsored Columbus.

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    Vasco da Gama

    A Portuguese explorer who reached India in 1498.

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    Christopher Columbus

    Italian navigator who discovered America in 1492.

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    Capitulations of Santa Fe

    Agreement granting Columbus rights to new lands.

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    Pinta, Niña, Santa María

    The three ships used by Columbus on his first voyage.

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    San Salvador

    Island named by Columbus upon discovering the Bahamas.

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    Cuba (Juana)

    Island discovered by Columbus, named in honor of a prince.

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    1519 Adventure

    Columbus's expedition faced many dangers, including potential death.

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    Atlantic Route

    The western path to Asia proposed by Columbus.

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    Study Notes

    Chapter 6: From Medieval Times to the Age of Exploration

    • Europe was a collection of kingdoms at the start of the Middle Ages, seeking territorial and economic expansion.
    • Wars and exploration of the Atlantic were common strategies to achieve these goals.
    • The period encompassed the 5th to 15th centuries, following the fall of the Roman Empire.
    • The evolution of European countries and social structures were important developments during this time.
    • The Catholic Church's political power grew significantly.
    • Religious practice significantly shaped daily life and social activities in Europe.
    • High Middle Ages (5th-11th centuries): Emergence of Germanic kingdoms, fall of the empire, rise of monasteries, bishops, and the pope, and population increase.
    • Late Middle Ages (12th-15th centuries): Feudalism developed, religious wars, deadly diseases and climatic changes affected populations significantly.

    Medieval Economy

    • Subsistence farming was the foundation of the European economy. Production met only local needs.
    • The variety of products was limited, and local trade was minimal.
    • Wealthy people consumed wider varieties of limited products.
    • Agricultural production increased with population growth starting in the 11th century.
    • Stronger kingdoms resulted from the consolidation of smaller kingdoms, such as France and Spain.
    • European kingdoms focused on trade, accumulating gold and silver, and commanding large land areas.

    Feudalism

    • Wars weakened kings, leading them to rely on nobles for support.
    • Feudalism emerged as a system of obligations between nobles and the king.
    • Lords (kings) provided land (fiefs) to vassals (nobles) in exchange for loyalty, military service, support, and justice.
    • Vassals (nobles) had their own armies, enforced laws, and collected taxes from peasants.
    • The feudal system was a complex chain of dependencies.
    • Serfs were the poor peasants who received protection in return for their labor.
    • The feudal economy was based on the produce from the land and the labor of serfs.

    Knighthood

    • Knights served the king or feudal lords.
    • Knighthood was highly valued and rewarded.
    • Military service and valor were considered important duties.
    • Knights could gain great wealth through raiding and warfare.

    Religion in the Middle Ages

    • Christianity fundamentally influenced European life.
    • The Catholic Church was omnipresent in social spheres like government, science, art, etc.
    • The Church held a lot of influence over the society during the medieval times.
    • Two empires co-existed: Western and Eastern Roman Empire.

    Islam

    • Islam emerged in the 7th century.
    • The religion was centered on Muhammad's teachings.
    • Islam spread extensively from India to Spain.
    • Islam's holy book is the Quran.
    • Muslims developed significant cultural, scientific advancements.
    • Translations of Greek works, and the development of algebra exemplify the advancements.
    • Architecture such as the mosque in Córdoba reflects the significant culture.

    The Crusades

    • Holy wars (Crusades), lasting several centuries, were motivated by religious and economic purposes.
    • The Crusades were significant in expanding European knowledge and interactions with Asia.
    • The aim of the Crusades was to liberate Jerusalem from control of Muslims.

    The Modern Age (14th Century)

    • Europe faced numerous political, economic, and social crises.
    • The Black Death (Bubonic Plague) was a devastating pandemic in the 14th century.

    The Renaissance (15th Century)

    • A shift in thinking from the Middle Ages to an early Modern Age.
    • Renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman cultures.
    • Exaltation of human beings as central to society and the world.
    • Significant Scientific and technological developments emerged.

    The Age of Exploration

    • Asian products (spices, silk, etc.) were in high demand in Europe.
    • Europeans sought alternative trade routes to avoid intermediaries and reduce prices.
    • Technological developments (printing press, new ships) facilitated exploration.
    • Commercial rivalry and the desire for riches also drove European expansion.
    • The expansion led to new trade routes from Europe to Asia.
    • European powers discovered new continents and established colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

    Causes of European Expansion

    • Shortages of goods due to trade routes disruptions
    • The Catholic Church desired to spread Christianity.
    • Monarchical expansionist ambitions

    Portuguese Navigators

    • Portugal pioneered the Age of Exploration.
    • Portuguese advancements in navigational skills and technology were instrumental.
    • Prince Henry the Navigator's School of Sagres facilitated exploration.
    • Bartolomeu Dias reached the Cape of Good Hope, opening a new sea route to Asia.
    • Vasco da Gama reached India, establishing a sea route to Asia.

    Christopher Columbus

    • Columbus sought a westward route to Asia, believing the Earth was round.
    • Supported by the Spanish monarchs, he embarked on voyages to the Americas.
    • His voyages opened up the Americas for European exploration.
    • Columbus's voyages marked the beginning of the European colonization of the Americas.

    Columbus's Voyages

    • First Voyage: Landing in the Americas (1492)
    • Subsequent voyages: Further explorations and colonization efforts in Americas.

    Columbus's Voyages -Continued

    • His voyages led to contact and interactions between Europeans and the Americas.
    • Exploration and colonization marked a significant juncture on the global stage.
    • The arrival of the Europeans had vast consequences, both intended and unintended.

    The Vikings

    • Viking explorers reached North America before Columbus.
    • They did not establish sustained settlements, unlike the Spanish.

    The Magellan Expedition

    • Magellan sought a westward route to Asia, circumnavigating the globe.
    • His expedition demonstrated the Earth's spherical shape.

    Consequences of Exploration

    • Treaty of Tordesillas: Agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain.

    Effects of Meeting of Cultures

    • European dominance in politics, economics, and social realms.
    • New European colonies development in the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
    • Maritime trade shift to the Atlantic.
    • Introduction of new products to both Europe and the Americas.

    The Ancient Ocean Sea

    • The Atlantic Ocean was a significant waterway.
    • Navigators faced natural dangers, such as ice floes, winds, and hurricanes, in Atlantic waters.

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    Medieval Times to the Age of Exploration PDF

    Description

    Explore the transformative period from the Middle Ages through the Age of Exploration, covering key developments in European kingdoms, economic structures, and the influence of the Catholic Church. This quiz challenges your understanding of major historical events from the 5th to 15th centuries that shaped modern Europe.

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