Medieval Architecture and the Book of Suger

Medieval Architecture

• Architectural knowledge was passed through transcription, oral tradition, and master builders' lodges.
• Few examples of architectural theory were written during this period. Most works were theological, based on biblical transcriptions, with architectural theories as notes on structures within those texts.
• The Abbot Suger's book on the administration at St. Denis details activities during his tenure and is a Gothic architectural document.
• Villard de Honnecourt's portfolio of drawings dates from about 1230s.
• Architectural knowledge was technically passed in master builder's lodges.

The Book of Suger - Abbot of St. Denis

• Suger's philosophy is known as the "upward leading method," influencing the design.
• Suger believed the universe consists of the "Father of Lights" (God) and "smaller lights" (people).

The Birth of Gothic

• Suger's remodeling of Saint-Denis Abbey Church established a link with the beginning of Gothic art/architecture in France.
• The book details Suger's administration's accomplishments.
• Suger's ambition led to this remodeling which made his name synonymous with the beginning of Gothic art and architecture.

Basilica of Saint-Denis

• Basilica of Saint-Denis (1135 AD) served as a template for Gothic church reconstructions by Abbot Suger.
• Suger utilized Romanesque styles, adding three deep portals, a tympanum with biblical scenes, flanked by towers, and a circular rose window. This design influenced subsequent French cathedrals.
• The Basilica was reconstructed using a variety of Romanesque styles and techniques; the bays were made wider, and taller, with windows that filled the church with light.

Rose Window

• Every element of a Gothic cathedral, including the effects of natural light through stained glass, had meaning.
• Stained glass windows intended to heighten the experience of divine light.
• It was a way to visualize the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit).
• The rose window was a way to make ideas such as the Trinity concrete.

Three Portals of Notre Dame Cathedral

• The center portal depicts the Last Judgment.
• The left portal (north) is dedicated to the Virgin Mary.
• The right portal (south) is dedicated to Saint Anne.

Chimeras at Notre Dame

• Gargoyles and chimeras on the balconies of Notre Dame Cathedrals symbolize vulnerability, and dangers of tempting forces outside the church.
• The chimeras represent dangers outside the church, and symbolize vulnerability.