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Questions and Answers
What is homeostasis?
What is homeostasis?
What percentage of water constitutes an average adult's body?
What percentage of water constitutes an average adult's body?
What part of the total body fluid does intracellular fluid constitute approximately?
What part of the total body fluid does intracellular fluid constitute approximately?
What is the border between intracellular and extracellular compartments?
What is the border between intracellular and extracellular compartments?
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Which of the following substances can pass through the cellular membrane of most cells by simple diffusion?
Which of the following substances can pass through the cellular membrane of most cells by simple diffusion?
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What is the normal range of osmotic blood pressure?
What is the normal range of osmotic blood pressure?
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What is the main contribution to osmotic blood pressure made by?
What is the main contribution to osmotic blood pressure made by?
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What is the normal range of oncotic blood pressure?
What is the normal range of oncotic blood pressure?
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What is the normal range of arterial blood pH?
What is the normal range of arterial blood pH?
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What is the normal percentage of blood in the body mass?
What is the normal percentage of blood in the body mass?
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Study Notes
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis refers to the relative constancy of internal environment composition and functions of an organism.
- It involves the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Blood Composition
- An adult person's body consists of approximately 60% water.
- Intracellular fluid constitutes approximately two-thirds (2/3) of the total body fluid.
- Extracellular fluid constitutes approximately one-third (1/3) of the total body fluid.
- The extracellular compartment includes the interstitial compartment, intravascular compartment, and intracellular compartment.
Cellular Membrane
- The border between intracellular and extracellular compartments is the cellular membrane.
- The border between interstitial and intravascular compartments is the vascular wall.
- Substances that can pass through the cellular membrane of most cells by simple diffusion include oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, lipophilic substances, and some ions.
Capillary Wall
- Substances that can pass through the capillary wall include oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, glucose, ions, and lipophilic substances.
Physicochemical Constants of Homeostasis
- Three essential physicochemical constants of homeostasis that are most strictly maintained are osmotic blood pressure, oncotic blood pressure, and blood pH level.
Osmotic Blood Pressure
- Normal blood osmotic pressure is 280-300 mosm/L.
- Osmotic blood pressure is created by all substances dissolved in blood plasma.
- The main contribution to osmotic blood pressure is made by Na and Cl ions.
Oncotic Blood Pressure
- Normal blood oncotic pressure is 25-30 mm Hg.
- Oncotic blood pressure is created by blood plasma proteins.
- The main contribution to oncotic blood pressure is made by albumins.
pH Level
- Normal arterial blood pH is 7.35-7.45.
- Net diffusion of water through the cellular membrane occurs when there is a difference in osmotic pressure between the sides of the membrane.
- Acidosis occurs when the arterial blood pH is below 7.35, while alkalosis occurs when the arterial blood pH is above 7.45.
Blood Constituents
- Blood constitutes approximately 6-8% of the body mass.
- Normal blood viscosity is 4.5-5.0, while normal blood plasma viscosity is 1.8-2.2.
- Normal hematocrit values in men are 40-49%, while in women they are 36-42%.
- Normal values of red blood cells count in men are 3.9-5.1 x 10^12/L, while in women they are 3.7-4.9 x 10^12/L.
Red Blood Cells
- Red blood cells membrane destruction with release of hemoglobin into blood plasma is called hemolysis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of medicine with these exam questions covering topics such as homeostasis, blood coagulation, and cardiac arrest.
