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Questions and Answers
What type of respiratory noise is associated with paralysis of the vocal cords?
What type of respiratory noise is associated with paralysis of the vocal cords?
What is the normal ambient temperature for comfortable pig housing?
What is the normal ambient temperature for comfortable pig housing?
Which artery is NOT typically used to take the pulse in cattle?
Which artery is NOT typically used to take the pulse in cattle?
For how long should the pulse ideally be counted in cattle?
For how long should the pulse ideally be counted in cattle?
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What condition is associated with vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency in pigs?
What condition is associated with vitamin E and/or selenium deficiency in pigs?
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Which method is most accurate for measuring a pig's pulse rate?
Which method is most accurate for measuring a pig's pulse rate?
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Which type of data includes objective findings such as laboratory results?
Which type of data includes objective findings such as laboratory results?
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Which of the following is NOT a common type of abnormal respiratory noise?
Which of the following is NOT a common type of abnormal respiratory noise?
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What is characterized by an increased number of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, in the joint fluid?
What is characterized by an increased number of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, in the joint fluid?
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Which artery is most commonly palpated to obtain the pulse rate in horses?
Which artery is most commonly palpated to obtain the pulse rate in horses?
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Which of the following methods were used to examine the larynx, trachea, and thorax?
Which of the following methods were used to examine the larynx, trachea, and thorax?
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What is the corresponding normal capillary refill time in horses?
What is the corresponding normal capillary refill time in horses?
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From where can the pulse rate in cattle NOT be taken?
From where can the pulse rate in cattle NOT be taken?
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What is the average pulse rate for small dogs?
What is the average pulse rate for small dogs?
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The first heart sound (SI) corresponds to the closure of which valves?
The first heart sound (SI) corresponds to the closure of which valves?
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What is the correct method for measuring the capillary refill time in goats?
What is the correct method for measuring the capillary refill time in goats?
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What is the main goal of the therapeutic plan?
What is the main goal of the therapeutic plan?
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Which component is part of the minimum database required for developing a diagnostic plan?
Which component is part of the minimum database required for developing a diagnostic plan?
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What does a differential diagnosis list do?
What does a differential diagnosis list do?
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What is included in the discharge summary?
What is included in the discharge summary?
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What part of history-taking involves identifying animals by description?
What part of history-taking involves identifying animals by description?
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What information is gathered during the 'previous history' segment?
What information is gathered during the 'previous history' segment?
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Which record method focuses on the health status of the patient?
Which record method focuses on the health status of the patient?
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What does the term 'prior treatment' specifically refer to?
What does the term 'prior treatment' specifically refer to?
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Which artery is primarily associated with pulse taking in horses?
Which artery is primarily associated with pulse taking in horses?
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What is the typical examination location for the heart in cows?
What is the typical examination location for the heart in cows?
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Which techniques can be applied for the physical examination of the stomach?
Which techniques can be applied for the physical examination of the stomach?
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What artery is typically associated with pulse taking in pigs?
What artery is typically associated with pulse taking in pigs?
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Which physical examination technique is used for assessing the lungs?
Which physical examination technique is used for assessing the lungs?
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Which components are included in the problem-oriented veterinary medical records (POVMR)?
Which components are included in the problem-oriented veterinary medical records (POVMR)?
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For which animals is the femoral artery a common site for pulse taking?
For which animals is the femoral artery a common site for pulse taking?
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Which of the following is NOT a useful function of physical examination?
Which of the following is NOT a useful function of physical examination?
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What type of injuries should be assessed as definitive?
What type of injuries should be assessed as definitive?
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Which artery is most frequently palpated to obtain the pulse rate in a horse?
Which artery is most frequently palpated to obtain the pulse rate in a horse?
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Which respiratory noise is caused by paralysis of the vocal cords?
Which respiratory noise is caused by paralysis of the vocal cords?
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What reflex’s absence indicates a lesion to the facial and trigeminal nerves in cattle?
What reflex’s absence indicates a lesion to the facial and trigeminal nerves in cattle?
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What type of data should be recorded as part of clinical information?
What type of data should be recorded as part of clinical information?
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In which part of the history taking process is the primary complaint categorized?
In which part of the history taking process is the primary complaint categorized?
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Which is an uncommon condition in cattle related to allergic rhinitis?
Which is an uncommon condition in cattle related to allergic rhinitis?
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Where is the common psoroptic mange infestation found in goats?
Where is the common psoroptic mange infestation found in goats?
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Which modality is known for stimulating macrophage and neutrophil migration?
Which modality is known for stimulating macrophage and neutrophil migration?
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The phase of fluid therapy aimed at restoring an animal's fluid volume to normal is?
The phase of fluid therapy aimed at restoring an animal's fluid volume to normal is?
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What type of fluid is indicated for treating diarrhea?
What type of fluid is indicated for treating diarrhea?
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To correct hyponatremia, which fluid type is appropriate?
To correct hyponatremia, which fluid type is appropriate?
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Which term describes a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms?
Which term describes a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms?
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Polymyxin B and colistin are known to be inhibitors of which function?
Polymyxin B and colistin are known to be inhibitors of which function?
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Which class of antibiotics is known to be bactericidal by interfering with cell wall synthesis?
Which class of antibiotics is known to be bactericidal by interfering with cell wall synthesis?
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What osmotic condition does a hypotonic solution create in comparison to body fluids?
What osmotic condition does a hypotonic solution create in comparison to body fluids?
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Study Notes
Fluid Therapy
- Fluid requirements are calculated daily to maintain homeostasis
- Replacement fluids are given to correct fluid deficits
- Maintenance fluids are given to maintain fluid balance
- Isotonic fluids are used for hydration and are appropriate for cases such as diarrhea
- Hypertonic fluids are used for hyponatremia and expand intravascular volume
- Hypotonic fluids are for correcting hyponatremia
- Colloid fluids are used for hypovolemic shock or other severe conditions
Physical Examination Techniques
- Auscultation: Listening to sounds produced by the body (e.g., heart, lungs) using a stethoscope.
- Palpation: Feeling the body for abnormalities in structure, consistency, and temperature (e.g., superficial artery, stomach, rumen, esophagus, lungs, heart, thoracic wall).
- Percussion: Tapping on the body to elicit sounds that indicate the presence of fluid or air in various internal areas (e.g., thoracic wall, stomach, rumen, cecum).
- Observation: Observing the animal from a distance to detect any abnormalities.
Animal History
- Present history: The animal’s complaint/primary issue.
- Past history: Previous diseases and treatments.
- Previous exposure: Any history of exposure to diseases or toxins.
Pulse Rate
- Cattle: Middle coccygeal or facial arteries.
- Horses: Facial artery (ventral to the mandible).
- Small dogs/cats: 70-90 to 80-120 beats per minute.
- Recording: Count for at least 30 seconds
Capillary Refill Time
- Horses: 1.5-2 seconds is normal
- Goats: The vulvar mucosa or dental pad, not the conjunctiva
Respiratory Sounds
- Bronchial: Produced by air passing through the larger airways (e.g., trachea).
- Vesicular: Produced by air passing through smaller airways in the lungs.
- Bronchovesicular: A mixture of bronchial and vesicular sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields.
- Adventitious: Abnormal sounds indicative of pathology (e.g., crackles, wheezes, rhonchi).
Other
- Normal capillary refill time: Less than 2 seconds in horses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on veterinary medicine with this quiz covering respiratory noise, pulse assessment, and common conditions in animals. Topics include cattle, pigs, and equine health. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about animal physiology and diagnostics!
