40 Questions
What is the recommended initial treatment for severe dehydration?
20-mL/kg bolus of normal saline followed by IV access
Why are home remedies like soda, fruit juices, and tea not suitable for rehydration?
They have high osmolalities and low sodium concentrations
What is the primary concern with using antidiarrheal medication in gastrointestinal infections?
It can lead to severe abdominal distention and even death
Which of the following is NOT an indication for admission?
Mild dehydration with adequate hydration
What is the recommended treatment for minimal dehydration?
2-10 mL/kg ORS for each diarrhea and vomiting
What is a sign of dehydration in infants?
Sunken eyes
What is the recommended treatment for severe dehydration?
IVF only
What is the recommended treatment for moderate dehydration?
50-100 ml/kg of ORS over 2-4 hours
What is the likely cause of seizure in the patient?
Shigella
What is the significance of asking about the patient's breastfeeding history?
To determine the nutritional status of the patient
What is the purpose of asking about the amount of stool in the history of diarrhea?
To estimate the fluid loss
What is the significance of examining the level of consciousness in a patient with diarrhea?
To assess the severity of dehydration
What is the purpose of asking about the patient's travel history?
To determine the risk of Hepatitis A
What is the likely indication for contact and travel history in the patient?
Hepatitis A
What is a common cause of diarrhea that the patient should be asked about?
Recent antibiotic use
Which symptom is commonly associated with Hepatic Disease?
Dark urine
What is a characteristic symptom of Cystic Fibrosis?
Recurrent chest infections
Which of the following is a symptom of Malabsorption Disease?
All of the above
What is a characteristic feature of IBD?
All of the above
Which of the following is a key component of a patient's history in evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms?
All of the above
What is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism?
All of the above
Which of the following is a key component of a patient's history in evaluating lactose intolerance?
Family history of lactose intolerance
Which bacterial infection can potentially cause fulminant hepatic failure?
Bacillus cereus
What is a common symptom of Yersinia enterocolitica infection that mimics another condition?
Appendicitis-like symptoms
What is the recommended treatment for children with mild-to-moderate gastroenteritis?
ORS
Which pathogen often requires supportive care but can become severe in immunodeficient individuals?
Cryptosporidium
Which infection has a notable symptom of muscle pain in addition to diarrhea?
Listeria
Which pathogen has an incubation period (IP) of 2-4 weeks?
Entamoeba histolytica
Which infection is associated with a risk of liver and lung abscesses?
Entamoeba histolytica
What type of analysis is commonly used to diagnose Bacillus cereus infection?
Stool analysis & culture
Which treatment is indicated for invasive Listeria infections?
Ampicillin
What is the typical recovery time for most Bacillus cereus patients?
6-24 hours
Which bacteria is associated with complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis?
Campylobacter jejuni
What is the incubation period of Staphylococcus aureus?
1-6 hours
Which bacteria has a characteristic symptom described as 'rice water stools'?
Vibrio Cholera
What is the recommended supportive treatment for ETEC (Traveler diarrhea)?
TMP-SMX as needed
Which bacterial infection typically has a duration of 3-7 days and ranges from self-limited watery diarrhea to more severe symptoms?
Salmonella enterica
What diagnostic method is common for identifying both Staphylococcus aureus and ETEC (Traveler diarrhea)?
Stool analysis & culture
What is a commonly used treatment for Vibrio Cholera that affects close epiphysis?
Doxacycline
For which bacterial infection is a vaccine available particularly in endemic areas?
Salmonella enterica (Non-typhoidal)
This quiz covers the symptoms and complications of bacterial infections, including abdominal cramps, fever, and bacteremia, as well as the treatment with azithromycin. It also explores the relationship with immunodeficiency and the potential complications of GBS and reactive arthritis.
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