Medicine: Bacterial Infections and Complications
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended initial treatment for severe dehydration?

  • Immediate administration of antidiarrheal medication
  • 20-mL/kg bolus of normal saline followed by antibiotics
  • 20-mL/kg bolus of normal saline followed by IV access (correct)
  • 50-100 ml/kg of ORS over 2-4 hours

    • Why are home remedies like soda, fruit juices, and tea not suitable for rehydration?

  • They can cause electrolyte disturbances
  • They have high osmolalities and low sodium concentrations (correct)
  • They have low osmolalities and high sodium concentrations
  • They can cause dehydration

    • What is the primary concern with using antidiarrheal medication in gastrointestinal infections?

  • It can cause electrolyte disturbances
  • It can worsen dehydration
  • It can lead to severe abdominal distention and even death (correct)
  • It can cause diarrhea

    • Which of the following is NOT an indication for admission?

    <p>Mild dehydration with adequate hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for minimal dehydration?

    <p>2-10 mL/kg ORS for each diarrhea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of dehydration in infants?

    <p>Sunken eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for severe dehydration?

    <p>IVF only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for moderate dehydration?

    <p>50-100 ml/kg of ORS over 2-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of seizure in the patient?

    <p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of asking about the patient's breastfeeding history?

    <p>To determine the nutritional status of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking about the amount of stool in the history of diarrhea?

    <p>To estimate the fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of examining the level of consciousness in a patient with diarrhea?

    <p>To assess the severity of dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of asking about the patient's travel history?

    <p>To determine the risk of Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely indication for contact and travel history in the patient?

    <p>Hepatitis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of diarrhea that the patient should be asked about?

    <p>Recent antibiotic use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Hepatic Disease?

    <p>Dark urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Cystic Fibrosis?

    <p>Recurrent chest infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of Malabsorption Disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of IBD?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of a patient's history in evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of a patient's history in evaluating lactose intolerance?

    <p>Family history of lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection can potentially cause fulminant hepatic failure?

    <p>Bacillus cereus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Yersinia enterocolitica infection that mimics another condition?

    <p>Appendicitis-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for children with mild-to-moderate gastroenteritis?

    <p>ORS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen often requires supportive care but can become severe in immunodeficient individuals?

    <p>Cryptosporidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection has a notable symptom of muscle pain in addition to diarrhea?

    <p>Listeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen has an incubation period (IP) of 2-4 weeks?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is associated with a risk of liver and lung abscesses?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of analysis is commonly used to diagnose Bacillus cereus infection?

    <p>Stool analysis &amp; culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is indicated for invasive Listeria infections?

    <p>Ampicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical recovery time for most Bacillus cereus patients?

    <p>6-24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is associated with complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis?

    <p>Campylobacter jejuni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period of Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>1-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria has a characteristic symptom described as 'rice water stools'?

    <p>Vibrio Cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended supportive treatment for ETEC (Traveler diarrhea)?

    <p>TMP-SMX as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial infection typically has a duration of 3-7 days and ranges from self-limited watery diarrhea to more severe symptoms?

    <p>Salmonella enterica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic method is common for identifying both Staphylococcus aureus and ETEC (Traveler diarrhea)?

    <p>Stool analysis &amp; culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly used treatment for Vibrio Cholera that affects close epiphysis?

    <p>Doxacycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which bacterial infection is a vaccine available particularly in endemic areas?

    <p>Salmonella enterica (Non-typhoidal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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