Medicine and Law in Hammurabi's Code of Laws
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Questions and Answers

What did Edward Jenner improve in 1796?

  • Cholera prevention
  • Variolation (correct)
  • Tuberculosis vaccination
  • Smallpox treatment
  • What did Edward Jenner observe about milkmaids in relation to smallpox?

  • They rarely contracted smallpox (correct)
  • They were more susceptible to smallpox
  • They were immune to smallpox
  • They rarely contracted cowpox
  • What term did Edward Jenner coin for his technique using fluid from a milkmaid's cowpox pustule?

  • Vaccination (correct)
  • Immunization
  • Inoculation
  • Variolation
  • Who hypothesized that the London cholera outbreak in 1849 was due to infected water?

    <p>Dr. John Snow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which report in 1850 outlined the public health needs in Massachusetts and recommended the creation of the first state board of health?

    <p>Lemuel Shattuck's health report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who believed that infections arose spontaneously in dirty and poorly ventilated places?

    <p>Florence Nightingale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who improved John Needham's experiment by heating the broth in a sealed jar?

    <p>Lazzaro Spallanzani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the two prevailing views of the causes of epidemics during the 18th century?

    <p>Miasmic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 1763, what event in the New World led to an epidemic among Native Americans?

    <p>Distribution of smallpox infected blankets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which 18th-century scientist is associated with experiments related to the transmission of germs during epidemics?

    <p>Louis Pasteur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Needham observe happening to boiled mutton broth after sealing it tightly in a flask?

    <p>It became cloudy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were two major problems faced by cities during the 18th century industrial growth?

    <p>Inadequate water supplies and crowded streets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the CURRENT Health PROGRAM until 2030?

    <p>Achieving Sustainable Development Goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is mentioned as a lifestyle disease in the text?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the 21st Century World planning mentioned in the text?

    <p>Developing effective health systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is not associated with the environmental problems mentioned in the text?

    <p>Corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the MT 22 Lecture focus on?

    <p>Analyzing environmental problems and solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

    <p>Robert Koch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases did Robert Koch discover the causes of?

    <p>Anthrax, Cholera, Tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key requirement according to Koch's postulates to establish a causal relationship between a parasite and a disease?

    <p>The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from a healthy host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the golden standard in microbiology before giving out antibiotics?

    <p>Determining the genus and species of the organism in a pure culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>The thickness of their cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What criterion is necessary for isolating a suspected microorganism according to Koch's postulates?

    <p>It must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in a pure culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What punishment does Hammurabi's Code prescribe for a physician who performs an operation and kills someone?

    <p>The physician's hands shall be cut off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hammurabi's Code, what happens if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a freed man?

    <p>The physician shall receive ten shekels in money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the penalty for a physician who opens a tumor with the operating knife and puts out someone's eye?

    <p>The physician's hands shall be cut off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hammurabi's Code, what should happen if a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man?

    <p>The patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hammurabi's Code state should happen if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a slave?

    <p>The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a physician performs an operation on the slave of a freed man and kills him according to Hammurabi's Code?

    <p>The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave</p> Signup and view all the answers

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