Medicine and Law in Hammurabi's Code of Laws
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Questions and Answers

What did Edward Jenner improve in 1796?

  • Cholera prevention
  • Variolation (correct)
  • Tuberculosis vaccination
  • Smallpox treatment

What did Edward Jenner observe about milkmaids in relation to smallpox?

  • They rarely contracted smallpox (correct)
  • They were more susceptible to smallpox
  • They were immune to smallpox
  • They rarely contracted cowpox

What term did Edward Jenner coin for his technique using fluid from a milkmaid's cowpox pustule?

  • Vaccination (correct)
  • Immunization
  • Inoculation
  • Variolation

Who hypothesized that the London cholera outbreak in 1849 was due to infected water?

<p>Dr. John Snow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which report in 1850 outlined the public health needs in Massachusetts and recommended the creation of the first state board of health?

<p>Lemuel Shattuck's health report (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who believed that infections arose spontaneously in dirty and poorly ventilated places?

<p>Florence Nightingale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who improved John Needham's experiment by heating the broth in a sealed jar?

<p>Lazzaro Spallanzani (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the two prevailing views of the causes of epidemics during the 18th century?

<p>Miasmic theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1763, what event in the New World led to an epidemic among Native Americans?

<p>Distribution of smallpox infected blankets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which 18th-century scientist is associated with experiments related to the transmission of germs during epidemics?

<p>Louis Pasteur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did John Needham observe happening to boiled mutton broth after sealing it tightly in a flask?

<p>It became cloudy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were two major problems faced by cities during the 18th century industrial growth?

<p>Inadequate water supplies and crowded streets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the CURRENT Health PROGRAM until 2030?

<p>Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is mentioned as a lifestyle disease in the text?

<p>Cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the 21st Century World planning mentioned in the text?

<p>Developing effective health systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is not associated with the environmental problems mentioned in the text?

<p>Corruption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the MT 22 Lecture focus on?

<p>Analyzing environmental problems and solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?

<p>Robert Koch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases did Robert Koch discover the causes of?

<p>Anthrax, Cholera, Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement according to Koch's postulates to establish a causal relationship between a parasite and a disease?

<p>The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from a healthy host (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the golden standard in microbiology before giving out antibiotics?

<p>Determining the genus and species of the organism in a pure culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

<p>The thickness of their cell wall (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion is necessary for isolating a suspected microorganism according to Koch's postulates?

<p>It must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in a pure culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What punishment does Hammurabi's Code prescribe for a physician who performs an operation and kills someone?

<p>The physician's hands shall be cut off (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Hammurabi's Code, what happens if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a freed man?

<p>The physician shall receive ten shekels in money (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the penalty for a physician who opens a tumor with the operating knife and puts out someone's eye?

<p>The physician's hands shall be cut off (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hammurabi's Code, what should happen if a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man?

<p>The patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Hammurabi's Code state should happen if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a slave?

<p>The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a physician performs an operation on the slave of a freed man and kills him according to Hammurabi's Code?

<p>The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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