29 Questions
What did Edward Jenner improve in 1796?
Variolation
What did Edward Jenner observe about milkmaids in relation to smallpox?
They rarely contracted smallpox
What term did Edward Jenner coin for his technique using fluid from a milkmaid's cowpox pustule?
Vaccination
Who hypothesized that the London cholera outbreak in 1849 was due to infected water?
Dr. John Snow
Which report in 1850 outlined the public health needs in Massachusetts and recommended the creation of the first state board of health?
Lemuel Shattuck's health report
Who believed that infections arose spontaneously in dirty and poorly ventilated places?
Florence Nightingale
Who improved John Needham's experiment by heating the broth in a sealed jar?
Lazzaro Spallanzani
What was one of the two prevailing views of the causes of epidemics during the 18th century?
Miasmic theory
In 1763, what event in the New World led to an epidemic among Native Americans?
Distribution of smallpox infected blankets
Which 18th-century scientist is associated with experiments related to the transmission of germs during epidemics?
Louis Pasteur
What did John Needham observe happening to boiled mutton broth after sealing it tightly in a flask?
It became cloudy
What were two major problems faced by cities during the 18th century industrial growth?
Inadequate water supplies and crowded streets
What is the main focus of the CURRENT Health PROGRAM until 2030?
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Which of the following is mentioned as a lifestyle disease in the text?
Cancer
What is the primary aim of the 21st Century World planning mentioned in the text?
Developing effective health systems
Which term is not associated with the environmental problems mentioned in the text?
Corruption
What aspect does the MT 22 Lecture focus on?
Analyzing environmental problems and solutions
Who is known as the Father of Microbiology?
Robert Koch
Which diseases did Robert Koch discover the causes of?
Anthrax, Cholera, Tuberculosis
What is a key requirement according to Koch's postulates to establish a causal relationship between a parasite and a disease?
The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from a healthy host
What is the golden standard in microbiology before giving out antibiotics?
Determining the genus and species of the organism in a pure culture
What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?
The thickness of their cell wall
What criterion is necessary for isolating a suspected microorganism according to Koch's postulates?
It must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in a pure culture
What punishment does Hammurabi's Code prescribe for a physician who performs an operation and kills someone?
The physician's hands shall be cut off
In Hammurabi's Code, what happens if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a freed man?
The physician shall receive ten shekels in money
What is the penalty for a physician who opens a tumor with the operating knife and puts out someone's eye?
The physician's hands shall be cut off
According to Hammurabi's Code, what should happen if a physician heals the broken bone or diseased soft part of a man?
The patient shall pay the physician five shekels in money
What does Hammurabi's Code state should happen if a physician performs eye surgery and saves the eye of a slave?
The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave
What happens if a physician performs an operation on the slave of a freed man and kills him according to Hammurabi's Code?
The doctor shall replace the slave with another slave
Explore the intersection of medicine and law in ancient civilization by studying specific laws from Hammurabi's Code related to medical practice. Learn about compensation for physicians based on the outcomes of their surgeries.
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