Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is compounding in the context of pharmacy?
What is compounding in the context of pharmacy?
- The process of administering a drug to a patient
- The act of mixing or combining two or more ingredients to create a final product for dosing (correct)
- The process of manufacturing large quantities of drugs for mass distribution
- The practice of counseling patients on medication use
Why is compounding not done solely for economic reasons?
Why is compounding not done solely for economic reasons?
- Because it duplicates an approved drug product (correct)
- Because it is illegal
- Because it may compromise patient care
- Because it is not cost-effective
What is a key consideration when mixing medicine with food in pediatric patients?
What is a key consideration when mixing medicine with food in pediatric patients?
- The dose of the medicine
- The type of food the child is eating (correct)
- The child's age
- The flavor of the medicine
Who is primarily responsible for compounding activities?
Who is primarily responsible for compounding activities?
What is the main goal of compounding?
What is the main goal of compounding?
What is a key aspect of a compounding facility?
What is a key aspect of a compounding facility?
What is a consideration when adding medicine to a baby's bottle?
What is a consideration when adding medicine to a baby's bottle?
Why was the medication compounded in a gummy formulation for the pediatric patient?
Why was the medication compounded in a gummy formulation for the pediatric patient?
What was the outcome of the 1000-fold error in the compounded gummy formulation?
What was the outcome of the 1000-fold error in the compounded gummy formulation?
What is a challenge in pediatric medication administration, as indicated by Canadian federal regulations?
What is a challenge in pediatric medication administration, as indicated by Canadian federal regulations?
What is a factor contributing to limited pediatric formulations, according to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada?
What is a factor contributing to limited pediatric formulations, according to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada?
What would be an essential consideration for a pharmacist when recommending therapies for a pediatric patient?
What would be an essential consideration for a pharmacist when recommending therapies for a pediatric patient?
What would be an important calculation for a pharmacist to perform when assessing prescriptions for a pediatric patient?
What would be an important calculation for a pharmacist to perform when assessing prescriptions for a pediatric patient?
What is a challenge in compounding and dispensing medications for pediatric patients, as indicated by the case study?
What is a challenge in compounding and dispensing medications for pediatric patients, as indicated by the case study?
What is a factor contributing to delayed or limited provincial/territorial reimbursement programs for pediatric formulations?
What is a factor contributing to delayed or limited provincial/territorial reimbursement programs for pediatric formulations?
What is a key consideration when modifying drug formulations for pediatric patients?
What is a key consideration when modifying drug formulations for pediatric patients?
What is a key consideration when evaluating the suitability of a dosage form for a pediatric patient?
What is a key consideration when evaluating the suitability of a dosage form for a pediatric patient?
What should be documented on a worksheet when compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
What should be documented on a worksheet when compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
What is a benefit of using commercially available tablets or capsules when possible?
What is a benefit of using commercially available tablets or capsules when possible?
What should be considered when deciding whether to compound a medication for a pediatric patient?
What should be considered when deciding whether to compound a medication for a pediatric patient?
What is a recommendation for pharmacists when communicating with prescribers about compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
What is a recommendation for pharmacists when communicating with prescribers about compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
What should be used to support the rationale for ingredients and units of measure in a compounded medication?
What should be used to support the rationale for ingredients and units of measure in a compounded medication?
What is a recommended step in the process of compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
What is a recommended step in the process of compounding a medication for a pediatric patient?
When assessing dosage forms, what should be considered to avoid medication errors?
When assessing dosage forms, what should be considered to avoid medication errors?
A 2-year-old girl (18 kg) has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is prescribed Cephalexin 250 mg PO q8h. What would be an appropriate dosage form?
A 2-year-old girl (18 kg) has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is prescribed Cephalexin 250 mg PO q8h. What would be an appropriate dosage form?
What is a crucial consideration when altering dosage forms?
What is a crucial consideration when altering dosage forms?
Which of the following situations may require specific dosage forms to avoid further complications?
Which of the following situations may require specific dosage forms to avoid further complications?
What should be considered when compounding a drug product, such as metronidazole 15mg/mL?
What should be considered when compounding a drug product, such as metronidazole 15mg/mL?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when dispensing medications, especially in pediatric patients?
Which of the following is a crucial consideration when dispensing medications, especially in pediatric patients?
What should be considered when evaluating the stability and effectiveness of a compounded drug product?
What should be considered when evaluating the stability and effectiveness of a compounded drug product?
Study Notes
Compounding
- Compounding involves combining or mixing two or more ingredients, including at least one drug or pharmacologically active component, to create a final product in an appropriate form for dosing.
- Compounding is practiced primarily by pharmacists, but other healthcare professionals may also practice compounding activities when licensed.
- Regulatory authorities in each province/territory oversee compounding activities, which include non-sterile products and specialized products for IV solutions or ophthalmic preparations.
Key Points from Health Canada Policy on Compounding
- Compounding is done when there is a therapeutic need or lack of product availability, not solely for economic reasons.
- Compounding involves a patient-healthcare professional relationship and is actively regulated, with facility inspections by regulatory authorities.
- Risk management processes are in place, and customized therapeutic solutions are developed to improve patient care without duplicating approved drug products.
Recommendations for Pharmacy Managers/Pharmacists/Technicians
- Communicate the need for compounding with the prescriber and discuss alternatives.
- Compound only when the benefits outweigh potential risks.
- Use standardized master formulas, supported by references, rationale for ingredients, and consistent units of measure within systems.
- Use commercially available tablets/capsules and utilize software to build in additional checks, input patient weight.
- Document on a worksheet, perform an independent double-check, and refer to NAPRA guidelines.
- Use unique identifiers for ingredients and follow up with the family.
Clonidine Example
- Clonidine tablets can be compounded into a suspension.
- Dissolve and dose instructions are provided, along with supporting documentation.
Dosage Forms: Cautions
- Consider sound-alike, look-alike drugs (e.g., clobazam vs clonazepam, sulfadiazine vs sulfasalazine, DTaP vs Tdap).
- Be cautious when assessing dosage forms for enteral tube administration, ketogenic diet, or short bowel syndrome.
Alterations of Dosage Forms
- Consider therapeutics, drug coverage, PK/PD, pharmaceutics, safety, patient acceptance, and feasibility when altering dosage forms.
Dosage Forms Example
- For a 2-year-old girl (18 kg) with a UTI, an appropriate dosage form for Cephalexin 250 mg PO q8h might be a liquid formulation.
- Consider the patient's needs and feasibility when selecting a dosage form.
Compounding Errors
- A 1000-fold error occurred when compounding clonidine in a gummy formulation, leading to hospitalization due to hypotension and bradycardia.
- The incident highlights the importance of proper compounding procedures, regulation, and pediatric-specific guidance.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Learn about administering medicine to children, including mixing with food, drug-food interactions, and compounding. Understand the importance of receiving a full dose and managing feeding aversions.
