Medicinal Plants Collection and Drying

<p>At the flowering stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fix the color of the product (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Just before fruit formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In spring or early summer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wet weather (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stop enzymatic action and prevent microbial growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fruits should be collected near their ripening season when fully mature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Garbling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhancement of chemical constituents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In autumn or winter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove soil and foreign particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the drug's weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through incisions in the plant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent thermal degradation of the drugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may become darker or change entirely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drying chambers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis of the glycoside to produce a different compound. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes enzymatic hydrolysis of active constituents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For drying digitalis leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes pleasant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They decrease in size and lose 80-90% of their original weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural drying in the shade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid undesirable changes in active constituents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become harder and less durable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They gradually lose their aroma. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual deterioration of certain drugs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To preserve volatile oils and prevent enzymatic hydrolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freeze drying or lyophilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lose their color due to anthocyanin destruction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To overcome the effect of moisture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>35 to 45 C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause deterioration and color change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heating the drugs to about 60 to 65 C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moisture-proof, air-tight containers at low temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs containing volatile oils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are susceptible to molds and fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plastic containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The time of year when medicinal plants are collected has a direct impact on the quality and quantity of their active ingredients.

The amount of active constituents in a plant can fluctuate throughout the day. For example, some plants contain higher levels of specific compounds in the afternoon compared to the morning.

The stage of development of a plant, such as flowering or leaf growth, affects the concentration of its active constituents. Plants should be collected at the optimal stage for maximum potency.

Collecting medicinal plants at the right time of year ensures that they are collected when their active constituents are at their peak concentration.

Collecting medicinal plants at the right time of day ensures that they are collected when their active constituents are at their peak concentration. This is especially important for plants that undergo diurnal fluctuations in their chemical composition.

Collecting medicinal plants at the proper stage of development ensures that they are collected when their active constituents are at their peak concentration. Each part of a plant has a specific time of optimal potency, making it crucial to collect them accordingly.

Collecting leaves should be done when they are at the beginning of the flowering stage because this is when they are in their most healthy state and contain the maximum percentage of active constituents.

Collecting flowers should be done in dry weather, just before pollination, to ensure the best color and quality of the product.

The process of removing unwanted material from raw drugs, improving quality and safety.

The act of separating foreign matter from the desired drug substance.

The process of removing moisture from raw drugs, preventing spoilage and ensuring proper storage.

Enzymatic reactions can alter the active constituents of drugs, leading to loss of potency.

Moisture allows microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to grow, damaging the drug.

Drying helps reduce the weight of the drug, making transportation more efficient.

Proper drying ensures the drug retains its original physical properties, like texture and shape.

Drying helps maintain the chemical composition of the drug, ensuring its effectiveness.

Drying can affect the color of medicinal plants. Green plants might turn brown due to chlorophyll breakdown. Some flowers lose their color due to the destruction of pigments.

Drying can change the smell of medicinal plants. Some plants lose their bad odor, while others gain a pleasant aroma. For example, vanilla pods become fragrant after drying.

The taste of medicinal plants can be altered by drying. Some plants become less bitter, while others become more pleasant.

Drying can change the active ingredients in medicinal plants. Sometimes, this is desirable, like when a glycoside breaks down into a more potent product. In other cases, it is undesirable, and the drying process must be quick to prevent changes in chemical structure.

Medicinal plants stored under inappropriate conditions can degrade. Moisture promotes bacterial and fungal growth and enzyme activity, leading to degradation of active ingredients.

Exposure to air can cause changes in medicinal plants. Aromatic drugs lose their aroma, volatile oils become resinified, and some drugs, like Digitalis, lose their potency.

Storage conditions significantly affect the quality and potency of medicinal plants. Pharmacopoeias provide guidelines for proper storage to ensure the efficacy and safety of drugs.

Some drugs need to be dried quickly after harvesting to prevent degradation of active ingredients. This is especially important for plants containing enzymes that can break down their active constituents.

Drying at lower temperatures allows for the preservation of delicate components and prevents degradation of active ingredients. Remember, lower heat minimizes damage.

Quick drying minimizes the time for enzymatic reactions to degrade valuable compounds, especially in plants like digitalis and those with volatile oils.

This drying method uses a controlled environment for gradual dehydration of the plant material. The gradual approach allows for less stress on the plant, retaining its integrity.

Suitable for materials sensitive to high temperatures, vacuum drying utilizes reduced pressure and controlled temperature to evaporate moisture effectively. This minimizes degradation and preserves quality.

A gentle freezing process followed by vacuum removal of ice, freeze-drying preserves volatile and heat-sensitive compounds. This method is used for intricate substances like coffee extracts.

This method is often used for plants like Senna leaves that are not sensitive to direct sunlight. This method can be slower and less efficient but is suitable for non-sensitive plants.

This method is best for flowers whose color may fade in direct sunlight. This slower method helps retain color and preserves fragile components.

A type of drying where air is drawn into the drying area and passes over the plant materials, gently removing moisture. This is a more controlled approach than natural methods.

Moisture can negatively affect drug quality by promoting microbial growth and degrading active components. To prevent this, drugs are stored with drying agents like quicklime or calcium chloride, or treated with alcohol to inactivate enzymes.

Higher temperatures accelerate enzymatic activity, degrading certain drugs. Volatile oil-containing drugs like ginger, clove, and chamomile are particularly sensitive to heat.

Light can damage delicate drugs like rose petals and digitalis leaves, causing discoloration and loss of active compounds. These drugs should be stored in dark containers.

Oxygen can oxidize and damage the active components of some drugs like fixed oils in linseed oil. Airtight storage is essential for these drugs.

Bacteria, molds, fungi, insects, and mites can all degrade drugs, changing their properties and lowering active constituent content.

Molds and fungi often attack drugs rich in nutrients like bulbs, corms, roots, and rhizomes if not stored properly, reducing their active components.

Powdered drugs are particularly susceptible to insect infestations, rendering them unusable for standard extracts.

Rodents can cause significant damage to stored drugs, especially if kept in paper, cloth, or wooden containers. Glass, plastic, or metal containers offer better protection.