Medicinal Fruits: Senna Pod Insights
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Questions and Answers

Match the following characteristics of Senna with their descriptions:

Time of action = 8–10 hours Recommended dose time = At night Contra-indication - abdominal symptoms = Undiagnosed cases Contra-indication - severe condition = Severe dehydration

Match the following medical conditions to their related contra-indications for Senna:

Appendicitis = Undiagnosed abdominal symptoms Severe dehydration = Contra-indication for use Chronic constipation = Not recommended with Senna Abdominal pain = Should not be untreated

Match the following advice for Senna users with their appropriate context:

Take at bedtime = Time of action is 8–10 hours Avoid in dehydration = Severe dehydration states Seek diagnosis for pain = Undiagnosed abdominal symptoms Not for chronic issues = Chronic constipation cases

Match the following aspects of Senna with their implications:

<p>Time of effect = User needs to plan ahead Nighttime dosing = May avoid daytime discomfort Undiagnosed symptoms = Could mask serious conditions Severe dehydration = Potential for adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their related warnings regarding Senna:

<p>8–10 hours action = Plan dosage timing accordingly Contra-indications = Important for safe use Nighttime intake = To prevent disruptions during the day Avoidance of symptoms = To ensure safety and effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptoms to the corresponding medical issue:

<p>Severe abdominal pain = Gastrointestinal irritation Vomiting = Toxicity Hemorrhagic diarrhoea = Side effects Drastic irritation of mucosa = Severe reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms to their potential consequences:

<p>Severe abdominal pain = Emergency care needed Vomiting = Dehydration risk Hemorrhagic diarrhoea = Nutrient loss Drastic irritation of mucosa = Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

<p>Side effects = Unintended reactions to medication Toxicity = Harmful effects from a substance Abdominal pain = Discomfort in the stomach area Gastrointestinal mucosa = Lining of the digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to gastrointestinal issues:

<p>Vomiting = Expelling stomach contents Hemorrhagic diarrhoea = Blood in stool Severe abdominal pain = Acute discomfort Drastic irritation = Strong inflammation reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medical events with their potential triggers:

<p>Severe abdominal pain = Medication side effects Vomiting = Toxic substance exposure Hemorrhagic diarrhoea = Gastrointestinal distress Drastic irritation of mucosa = Chemical irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following medicinal fruits with their described attributes:

<p>Citrullus colocynthis = Dried pithy pulp of unripe fruits with purgative action Ripe fruits = Mild laxative action Medicinal fruits = Contains bitter and pungent principles Amorphous resin = Purgative action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Pulp of ripe fruits = A mild laxative Colocynth = Also known as Bitter apple Chemical constituents = Components found in medicinal plants Cucurbitaceae = The family to which Citrullus belongs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their causes:

<p>Mild laxative action = Pulp of ripe fruits Purgative action = Amorphous resin Bitter principles = Medicinal fruits Dried pulp = Unripe Citrullus colocynthis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their roles:

<p>Ripe fruits = Provide mild laxative effects Colocynth = Source of bitter and pungent principles Dried pithy pulp = Used for purgative properties Amorphous resin = Acts as a chemical constituent in medicinal uses</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fruits with their uses:

<p>Citrullus colocynthis = Known for its purgative properties Ripe fruits = Utilized for mild laxation Unripe fruits = Dried for medicinal use Medicinal fruits = Characterized by bitter taste</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to colocynth with their definitions:

<p>Colocynth = A plant used as a drastic purgative Purgative = A substance that causes evacuation of the bowels Contraindications = Reasons to withhold a certain treatment Pregnant women = Individuals who are carrying a developing fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following groups of people with their contraindications for colocynth:

<p>Children = Should not be given colocynth Pregnant women = Should not be given colocynth Adults = Can be given colocynth under medical advice Elderly = Can be given colocynth under caution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions related to medical warnings with their terms:

<p>High risks = Serious side effects or complications Justified use = When benefits outweigh risks Drastic purgative = Strong laxative with severe effects Should not be given = Indicates a high risk of adverse effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about the medical use of colocynth:

<p>Use in children = Not recommended due to risks Use in pregnant women = Not recommended due to risks Use in adults = Possible with caution General opinion = Growing concerns over safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risks associated with colocynth with their explanations:

<p>Severe dehydration = Possible side effect of purgatives Electrolyte imbalance = Risk from excessive purging Gastrointestinal distress = Common reaction to drastic purgatives Risk to fetus = Potential harm from use in pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to white pepper with their correct descriptions:

<p>White pepper = Dried ripe fruit of Pipper nigrum Pipper nigrum = Plant source of black and white pepper Epicarp = Outer layer removed to obtain white pepper Alkaloids = Chemical constituents including piperine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following chemical constituents with their percentage in white pepper:

<p>Piperine = 5-9% Moisture = 2-4% Essential oils = 1-2% Minerals = 3-5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the constituents of Capsicum minimum with their descriptions:

<p>Capsaicin = Main pungent principle, an alkaloid, present at 48.6% Capsanthin = A type of carotenoid pigment Vitamins A and C = Essential nutrients found in the fruit Proteins and fats = Macronutrients present in Capsicum minimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following health benefits with their constituents in Capsicum minimum:

<p>Capsaicinoids = May aid in metabolism and weight management Carotenoid pigments = Antioxidant properties and eye health Vitamins A = Supports immune function and vision Proteins = Essential for muscle repair and growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ingredients commonly associated with white pepper to their uses:

<p>Piperine = Flavor enhancer Vitamins = Nutritional support Fiber = Digestive aid Antioxidants = Health benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of Capsicum minimum with their potential sources:

<p>Capsaicin = Mostly concentrated in the dissepiment Capsanthin = Derived from the fruit's pigment Vitamins A and C = Found in various parts of the fruit Proteins and fats = Contributed by the fruit's cellular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of pepper with their characteristics:

<p>White pepper = Milder taste Black pepper = Stronger flavor Green pepper = Fresh and herbal Red pepper = Sweet with little heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following uses of white pepper with their potential benefits:

<p>Culinary use = Enhances flavor Medicinal use = Aids digestion Preservative = Extends shelf life Aromatherapy = Promotes relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their respective health aspects of Capsicum minimum:

<p>Pungent principles = Responsible for the spicy flavor Carotenoids = Associated with coloration and health benefits Alkaloids = Chemical compounds often providing medicinal effects Essential nutrients = Growth and energy requirements for the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nutrients in Capsicum minimum to their effects:

<p>Capsaicin = Pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects Capsanthin = Supports skin health Vitamin A = Improves eyesight Vitamin C = Boosts the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medicinal Fruits

  • Medicinal fruits containing anthracene derivatives are discussed.
  • Senna pod, dried ripe fruit of Cassia acutifolia and C. angustifolia, belonging to the Fabaceae family, is a key example.
  • Chemical constituents of Senna pod include anthracene derivatives (mainly sennosides A & B), aloe-emodin, rhein, mucilage, and flavonoids.

Medicinal Uses (Senna pod)

  • Senna pod is used as a short-term stimulant laxative in occasional constipation.
  • Mechanism of action involves stimulating peristaltic contractions, accelerating colonic transit, reducing fluid absorption from the colon.
  • It influences electrolyte secretion and absorption in the colon, and increases fluid secretion from the body to the colon.
  • Senna's effect typically lasts 8-10 hours, so it's best taken at night.

Contraindications and Warnings (Senna pod)

  • Avoid use in cases of undiagnosed abdominal symptoms, appendicitis, severe dehydration, or chronic constipation.
  • Overuse symptoms include griping and severe diarrhea with fluid and electrolyte loss.
  • Continuous use (over 2 weeks) requires medical supervision due to potential electrolyte imbalance, dependence, or paralytic ileum.
  • Not recommended for pregnancy unless dietary changes or fiber laxatives are ineffective.
  • Not appropriate for children or nursing mothers.

Drug Interactions (Senna pod)

  • Senna may decrease intestinal transit time, decreasing absorption of orally administered drugs.
  • Increased potassium loss can amplify the effects of cardiac glycosides like digitalis.
  • Senna should not be combined with drugs or herbs causing hypokalemia (e.g., thiazide diuretics, licorice root). This combination could worsen electrolyte imbalance.

Other Medicinal Fruits

  • Colocynth (Bitter apple, Peppo): Dried pithy pulp of unripe, fully grown fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae family).

  • Chemical Constituents: Amorphous resin (purgative action), triterpene glycosides (cucurbitacins B & E), alkaloids (purgative action).

  • Medicinal Uses: Drastic purgative, often combined with Hyoscyamus (antispasmodic) to lessen griping pain. Folk remedy for tumors. Clinical trials are underway to determine anti-tumor activity (cucurbitacins B and E).

  • Side Effects/Toxicity: Severe abdominal pain, vomiting, hemorrhagic diarrhea, and fatality risk with high doses.

  • Contraindications: Not for children or pregnant or nursing mothers. Avoid use with hemorrhoids or inflammatory conditions of stomach/intestines.

  • Hops: Dried strobile of the pistillate plant Humulus lupulus, belonging to the Cannabinaceae family.

  • Chemical Constituents: Oleo-resin (15-30%, contains bitter principles in soft and hard resins), humulone and lupulone (in lipophilic soft resin), hydrophilic β-resin. Volatile oils (0.3-1.0%), mainly β-caryophyllene.

  • Medicinal Uses: Sedative, topical antibacterial, for mood disturbances (anxiety, restlessness, sleep disturbances). Traditional use: bitter stomachic to stimulate appetite.

  • Side Effects/Toxicity: Respiratory allergy, contact dermatitis, triggered by pollen.

  • Contraindications: Should not be used by individuals with depression (sedation may worsen symptoms), concurrent CNS depressant medication (additive effect).

  • Capsicum (Cayenne pepper): Dried ripe fruit of Capsicum frutescens (C. minimum), Solanaceae family.

  • Chemical Constituents: Pungent principles (capsaicinoids, mainly capsaicin), carotenoid pigments (capsanthin), proteins, fats, vitamins A & C.

  • Medicinal Uses: Stimulates and aids digestion, counter-irritant (applied externally).

  • Side Effects/Toxicity: Severe irritation to mucosal membranes, potential for allergy (inhalation). Excessive ingestion can cause gastrointestinal, hepatic, and renal damage.

  • Contraindications: Caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding (potential for secretion of pungent components in breast milk), use with caution in those sensitive to the components.

  • Family Piperaceae (alkaloids): Black pepper, White pepper, and Tailed pepper (Cubebs). This is an entire family of plants containing alkaloids, not just a single fruit.

    • Black pepper: Dried unripe fruit of Piper nigrum.
    • White pepper: Dried ripe fruit of Piper nigrum, but the outer layer has been removed.
    • Tailed pepper (Cubebs): Dried full-grown, unripe fruit of Piper cubeba.
    • Chemical Constituents: Alkaloids (piperine), volatile oil.
    • Medicinal Uses: Animal studies suggest potential to reduce oxidative stress on the liver, thought to support liver function. Possibly linked to chronic bronchitis, antimicrobial properties.
    • Tailed Pepper (Cubebs) specific use: carminative and flavoring agent.

  • Cocculus (Fish berry): Dried ripe fruits of Anamirta paniculata (cocculus indicus), Menispermaceae family.

  • Chemical Constituents: Alkaloids (Menispermine), toxic principle (Picrotoxin), bitter tasting.

  • Medicinal Uses: Picrotoxin is used intravenously as an antidote in barbiturate poisoning.

  • Poppy capsule: Dried nearly ripe fruit of Papaver somniferum, Papaveraceae family.

  • Chemical Constituents: Opium latex (morphine alkaloid), meconic acid.

  • Medicinal Uses: Analgesic, sedative. Used in preparations of opium.

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Description

Explore the medicinal properties of Senna pod, the dried ripe fruit of Cassia acutifolia and C. angustifolia. This quiz covers its chemical constituents, medical uses as a stimulant laxative, and important contraindications. Test your knowledge on this vital medicinal fruit and its effects on digestion.

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