Laxatives
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Questions and Answers

Which age group has the use of Lavandula angustifolia not been established for?

  • Children under 12 years of age (correct)
  • Adults over 18 years of age
  • Children over 12 years of age
  • Elderly individuals over 65 years of age

    • Which of the following is a therapeutic indication for Lavandula angustifolia?

  • Treatment of mild symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion
  • Treatment of severe symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion
  • Relief of severe symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion
  • Relief of mild symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion (correct)

    • Which gastrointestinal symptom is NOT associated with the use of Lavandula angustifolia?

  • Diarrhoea
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Weight loss

    • Which of the following is a common adverse effect of using Cassia Senna as a stimulant laxative?

    <p>Colon inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the EU herbal monograph, how long should Cassia Senna be used for?

    <p>Not more than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using Cassia Senna as a stimulant laxative?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacotherapeutic group of Cassia Senna?

    <p>Contact laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of action is associated with hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Improvement of bowel function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the metabolites of Rhein anthrone in the body?

    <p>They are excreted in bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the use of aloe barbadensis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Not to be used for more than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the side effects mentioned in the text?

    <p>Methylxanthine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for the use of Camelia sinensis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is commonly used as a bulk-forming laxative and has cholesterol-lowering properties?

    <p>Linum usitatissimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of long-term use of stimulant laxatives?

    <p>Pseudomelanosis coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is known for its hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects?

    <p>Curcuma longa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active compound in bitter orange that is involved in weight-loss claims?

    <p>β-synerphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant contains glycosides of the steroidal aglycones and is used in the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias?

    <p>Digitalis purpurea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary metabolite is known for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties?

    <p>Anthocyanosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of emodin and aloe emodin in lactation?

    <p>Passage of liquid stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential undesirable effect of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible long-term effect of chronic use of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Water and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of emodin and aloe emodin as a laxative?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapeutic indication for Lavandula angustifolia?

    <p>Relief of mild symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the side effects mentioned in the text?

    <p>Tannin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has the use of Lavandula angustifolia not been established for?

    <p>Children under 12 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of long-term use of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacotherapeutic group of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the side effects mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hydroxyanthracene derivatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using emodin and aloe emodin in lactation?

    <p>Breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of taking supplements on an empty stomach?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource has a swelling factor of 10 and is widely used in pregnancy as a bulk-forming laxative?

    <p>Plantago psyllium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential long-term effect of chronic use of stimulant laxatives?

    <p>Pseudomelanosis coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource contains glycosides of the steroidal aglycones and is used in the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias?

    <p>Fraxinus ornus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is commonly used as a stimulant laxative?

    <p>Cassia Senna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using Cassia Senna as a stimulant laxative?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Less than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential undesirable effect of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Water and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using aloe barbadensis?

    <p>Inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the genotoxic risk associated with aloe emodin and danthron?

    <p>Emodin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of hydroxyanthracene derivatives as laxatives?

    <p>Stimulation of motility of the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is known for its neurotoxic and hallucinogenic effects, causing psychiatric disturbances named absinthism?

    <p>Artemisia absenthium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is used as a weight loss supplement and helps in reducing the intestinal absorption of lipids?

    <p>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is used for the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias and contains glycosides of the steroidal aglycones?

    <p>Digitalis purpurea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is known for its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties due to the presence of anthocyanosides?

    <p>Vaccinium myrtillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of Camelia sinensis?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is commonly used as an osmotic laxative?

    <p>Fraxinus ornus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential long-term effect of using stimulant laxatives?

    <p>Pseudomelanosis coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource has a cholesterol-lowering property and is commonly used as a bulk-forming laxative?

    <p>Linum usitatissimum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapeutic indication for Lavandula angustifolia?

    <p>Relief of mild symptoms of mental stress and exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential gastrointestinal side effects of weight loss supplements?

    <p>Diarrhoea, constipation, nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the activities associated with Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Antioxidant and radical scavenger, antidiarrhoeic, anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using Cassia Senna as a stimulant laxative?

    <p>Intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Not more than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the genotoxic risk associated with aloe emodin and danthron?

    <p>Emodin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of long-term use of stimulant laxatives?

    <p>Pseudomelanosis coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term use of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of chronic ingested overdoses of anthranoid-containing medicinal products?

    <p>Toxic hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pharmacotherapeutic group of emodin and aloe emodin?

    <p>Contact laxative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for using emodin and aloe emodin in lactation?

    <p>Excretion in breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of long-term use of hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Hypokalaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using aloe barbadensis as a laxative?

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is responsible for the genotoxic risk associated with several anthranoids?

    <p>Danthron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of use for hydroxyanthracene derivatives?

    <p>Not to be used for more than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease and has complex anti-inflammatory mechanisms?

    <p>Curcuma longa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource is used as a weight loss supplement and helps in reducing the intestinal absorption of lipids?

    <p>Cyamopsis tetragonoloba gum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant is used in the treatment of heart failure and arrhythmias and contains glycosides of the steroidal aglycones?

    <p>Digitalis purpurea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural resource has antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties due to the presence of anthocyanosides?

    <p>Vaccinium myrtillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT associated with Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Antibacterial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a side effect of tannin-containing drugs?

    <p>Reduced intestinal transit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for using Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Hypersensitivity to the active compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT associated with Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Antidiarrhoeic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication for using Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Cardiovascular disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential side effect of long-term use of Camellia sinensis (Green tea)?

    <p>Hepatotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lavandula angustifolia

    • Use in children has not been established.
    • Therapeutic indications include anxiety relief and sleep improvement.
    • Gastrointestinal symptoms not associated with its use include constipation.

    Cassia Senna

    • Common adverse effects include abdominal cramps and diarrhea.
    • Recommended use duration is not to exceed two weeks.
    • Contraindications include intestinal obstruction and inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Pharmacotherapeutic group categorized as stimulant laxatives.

    Hydroxyanthracene Derivatives

    • Mechanism of action involves stimulating peristalsis in the intestines.
    • Metabolites of Rhein anthrone may produce laxative effects.
    • Recommended duration of use should be limited to short-term, typically less than two weeks.

    Aloe Barbadensis

    • Associated side effects include abdominal pain and diarrhea.

    Emodin and Aloe Emodin

    • Known to cause genotoxic effects, especially in lactation.
    • Potential undesirable effects include electrolyte imbalance and abdominal discomfort.
    • Chronic use may lead to colonic melanosis or dependency on laxatives.
    • Mechanism of action includes promoting fluid secretion in the intestines.

    Camellia Sinensis

    • Contraindications for use include pregnancy and certain heart conditions.
    • Activities include antioxidant effects, weight management support, and potential anti-cancer properties.
    • Side effects may involve nausea and liver toxicity in excessive amounts.

    Other Plants and Natural Resources

    • Psyllium is a natural bulk-forming laxative known for cholesterol-lowering properties.
    • Long-term use of stimulant laxatives may lead to dependency.
    • Bitter orange, containing synephrine, aids in weight loss by reducing lipid absorption.
    • Plant used for heart failure with glycosides includes Foxglove (Digitalis).

    Additional Notes

    • Chronic use of anthranoid products can lead to adverse gastrointestinal effects.
    • Long-term use of stimulant laxatives can result in decreased bowel function.
    • Plants like Turmeric possess anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease.
    • Studies indicate varying side effects depending on dose and individual patient responses to different herbs.

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    Quiz: Mechanisms of Action and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Laxatives

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