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Questions and Answers
What is the novel antagonist of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) isolated from Aspergillus alliaceus?
Which of the following drugs is produced by a yew tree?
What is the lead compound for a series of drugs that lower cholesterol levels?
Which drug is used to suppress the immune response after transplantation operations?
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Which microorganism became highly popular after the discovery of penicillin?
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What type of cells have a wealth of biologically potent chemicals with interesting inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activity?
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Which marine compound is known for its potent antitumor activity?
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From which animal's skin was the potent analgesic compound epibatidine obtained?
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Which type of toxins are extremely potent due to their specific interactions with macromolecular targets in the body?
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Which peptide isolated from the venom of the Brazilian viper was the lead compound for the development of antihypertensive agents?
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Which term is used in Europe to refer to 'Herbal Medicine'?
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Which act defines 'Dietary Supplement' as a product that is intended to supplement the diet?
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'Nutraceuticals' are dietary supplements administered in large dosages in order to obtain what effects according to Zeisel (Science 1999)?
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'Zeisel (Science 1999)' coined the term 'Nutraceuticals' by combining which two words?
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What is a common source of new lead compounds apart from marine organisms according to the passage?
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What is responsible for serious food poisoning, but also has a clinical use?
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Study Notes
Antagonist of Cholecystokinin
- Novel antagonist of cholecystokinin (CCK) was isolated from Aspergillus alliaceus.
Drugs and Their Sources
- Paclitaxel, a drug used in cancer treatment, is derived from the yew tree.
- Statins are lead compounds in a series of drugs that effectively lower cholesterol levels.
- Immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine are utilized to suppress immune responses after transplantation surgeries.
Microorganisms and Natural Compounds
- Penicillium chrysogenum became highly popular following the discovery of penicillin.
- Marine organisms are recognized as a source of biologically active compounds, with specific marine compounds noted for their potent antitumor activity.
Biologically Potent Cells and Compounds
- Mast cells are rich in biologically potent chemicals, contributing to inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer responses.
- Epibatidine, a potent analgesic compound, is extracted from the skin of the poison dart frog.
Toxic Compounds and Their Specificity
- Neurotoxins are extremely potent due to their specific interactions with biological macromolecular targets.
Peptides and Their Applications
- A peptide isolated from the venom of the Brazilian viper contributed to the development of antihypertensive agents.
Terminology in Herbal Medicine
- The term "Phytotherapy" is used in Europe to refer to 'Herbal Medicine'.
Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals
- The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) defines 'Dietary Supplement' as a product intended to enhance the diet.
- Nutraceuticals, defined by Zeisel (1999), are dietary supplements administered in larger dosages to achieve health benefits.
- Zeisel combined the words 'nutrition' and 'pharmaceutical' to coin the term 'Nutraceuticals'.
Other Sources of Compounds
- Apart from marine organisms, plants are common sources of new lead compounds.
Clinical and Toxicological Aspects
- Certain strains associated with serious food poisoning are also recognized for clinical uses, demonstrating a dual role in health contexts.
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Description
Explore the world of medicinal drugs derived from natural sources, including plants and microorganisms. Learn about notable examples such as paclitaxel, artemisinin, and penicillin, and understand the significance of screening natural sources for drug discovery.
