Natural Products as Sources of Drugs

antimicrobials made by fungi and bacteria, botanical whole-plant extracts, honey and proteins

1. is it a defined, chemically, characterised mixture
2. reproducible manufacturing/effects
3. does it work in vivo
4. does it work in animal models 5does it work in humans

1. cell lines - cheap and easy but can overestimate damage
2. ex-vivo organ - a good middle ground before committing to animal models
3. live animal models - more realistic and you can see systemic effects
4. human phase 0 trials - testing a low dose on healthy individuals to check for harmful effects before moving into phase 1-4 trials