57 Questions
What is the maximum recommended dose of acetaminophen for adults?
4g
Which parameter should be assessed to monitor the risk of renal toxicity related to medication administration?
Urinary output, BUN, creatinine
Which action should a patient take if they experience a rash or fever after taking acetaminophen?
Report the rash or fever
What is the onset of action for oral administration of aspirin?
15-120 minutes
How should 'chewable' tablets of acetaminophen be taken?
Chewed before swallowing
Which medication can cross the placenta and enter breast milk according to the text?
Aspirin
When should blood for the aPTT be drawn with intermittent administration of heparin?
1 hour before a dose of heparin is scheduled
For which condition should premature infants not receive epoetin alfa from multidose vials?
Anemia associated with cancer chemotherapy
What is the typical onset of action for epoetin alfa?
11-14 days
Why is it not necessary to monitor aPTT with low-dose standard heparin given subcutaneously?
The dosage is too low to affect aPTT
Which group of patients may benefit from treatment with ESAs due to reduced production of erythropoietin?
Patients with chronic kidney disease
What is the primary clinical benefit of treating anemia with ESAs, as mentioned in the text?
Enhancing overall quality of life
Which hemoglobin value indicates that ESAs should be avoided in patients?
12 g/dL
Why is it important for patients receiving Epoetin alfa to also take an iron supplement?
To ensure Epoetin alfa's effectiveness
Which ESA has a relatively longer duration of action compared to epoetin alfa?
Darbepoetin
What is the black box warning for epoetin beta (Mircera)?
Not indicated for treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia
What is the primary function of interferons in viral infections?
Inhibit protein synthesis in the virus
How do interferons affect viruses in infected cells?
Interfere with their RNA function
What is the primary indication for using Epoetin?
Management of anemia
Which of the following medications has a duration of action of approximately 3-6 hours when administered orally?
Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
What is a potential side effect of Aspirin when serum drug levels exceed 300 mcg?
Nephrotoxicity
Which medication is classified as an opioid in the provided text?
Ibuprofen
What is the primary effect of Heparin on the body based on the text?
Prevention of blood clots
What is the primary reason for not admixing penicillins with aminoglycosides in a syringe or IV solution?
Inactivation of the aminoglycoside by the penicillin
What is the recommended timing for administering ampicillin in relation to meals?
1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal
Which drug is used to overcome resistance in bacteria that secrete beta-lactamase?
Clavulanic acid
What is the role of probenecid when taken concomitantly with ampicillin?
It blocks renal excretion of ampicillin
Which drug decreases the therapeutic effect of ampicillin by diminishing its serum concentration?
Chloroquine
What is the recommended action for patients to decrease gastric irritation when taking the drug mentioned in the text?
Take the drug with food or liquid
Which adverse effects are associated with the drug mentioned in the text?
GI bleeding and hemoptysis
How does the drug mentioned in the text inhibit bacterial growth?
By disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis
Which organ excretes the drug mentioned in the text?
Kidneys
What patient education should be provided regarding the use of penicillin, as per the text?
Begin penicillin 1-2 hours after a meal
Which process involves the transport of drug molecules within the body and depends largely on blood circulation?
Distribution
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the chemical reactions of oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis in drug metabolism?
CYP enzymes
What is the method by which drugs are inactivated or transformed by the body?
Metabolism
What process can result in the need for larger doses of a rapidly metabolized drug to maintain therapeutic effects?
Enzyme inhibition
Which organ is primarily responsible for the excretion of drugs from the body?
Kidneys
Which type of drugs are usually absorbed more rapidly than oral drugs because they move directly to the bloodstream?
Subcutaneous drugs
What percentage of warfarin is bound to plasma proteins in the body?
98%
Which organ can excrete only water-soluble substances?
Kidneys
In what organ does the metabolism of warfarin primarily take place?
Liver
What is the antidote for warfarin if the International Normalized Ratio (INR) level is 5 or more and signs of bleeding are present?
Vitamin K
Why should ESAs be avoided in patients with hemoglobin values of 12 g/dL or above?
To reduce the risk of thrombosis
What is the role of iron supplementation in patients receiving Epoetin alfa?
To enhance the effect of Epoetin alfa on red blood cell production
How do interferons exert their antiviral effects?
By inhibiting protein synthesis in infected cells
What is the significance of Darbepoetin's longer duration compared to epoetin alfa?
Reduced frequency of administration
Why is Epoetin beta (Mircera) contraindicated for chemotherapy-induced anemia?
Because it may worsen anemia in these patients
What is the primary indication for using Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) according to the text?
Genital warts treatment
How does Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) impact the growth and reproduction of cells according to the text?
Inhibits cell division
What is a common adverse effect associated with Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) as mentioned in the text?
Flu-like symptoms
How does Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) enhance the immune system's function according to the text?
By binding to specific membrane receptors and enhancing immune response
What is the pharmacokinetic profile of Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) with regards to crossing the blood–brain barrier as per the text?
Does not cross the blood–brain barrier
What is a potential nursing implication for patients receiving Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) based on its excretion pathway described in the text?
Monitor renal function due to primarily renal excretion
How does Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) exert its cellular activities according to the text?
By binding to specific membrane receptors on cell surfaces and enhancing immune response
What role does Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) play in inhibiting angiogenesis, as described in the text?
Inhibits angiogenesis
What is the peak onset of action for Interferon alfa 2b (Intron A) as mentioned in the text?
3 to 12 hours
Test your knowledge on medications, specifically Epoetin, focusing on the prototype recombinant form of human erythropoietin. Understand the importance of monitoring aPTT with continuous IV infusion and intermittent administration of heparin.
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