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Questions and Answers
What is the alternate name for Naloxone?
What is the alternate name for Naloxone?
What class does Naloxone belong to?
What class does Naloxone belong to?
Narcotic antagonist
Naloxone reverses the effects of __________.
Naloxone reverses the effects of __________.
narcotics
Which of the following is a contraindication for Naloxone?
Which of the following is a contraindication for Naloxone?
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What is the adult dosage and route for Naloxone?
What is the adult dosage and route for Naloxone?
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Match the following medications with their alternate names:
Match the following medications with their alternate names:
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What is a precaution for Pralidoxime?
What is a precaution for Pralidoxime?
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What is a side effect of Epinephrine?
What is a side effect of Epinephrine?
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Activated charcoal is a type of __________.
Activated charcoal is a type of __________.
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What is the adult dosage of Ibuprofen?
What is the adult dosage of Ibuprofen?
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Aspirin is contraindicated for hypersensitivity.
Aspirin is contraindicated for hypersensitivity.
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What is an indication for Nitroglycerin?
What is an indication for Nitroglycerin?
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Study Notes
Naloxone
- Also known as Narcan; used primarily to reverse narcotic effects.
- Classified as a narcotic antagonist; effective in combating narcotic overdoses.
- Indicated for narcotic overdose situations and to rule out narcotics in comatose patients of unknown origin.
- Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to naloxone.
- Can cause withdrawal symptoms and is short-acting; patients may revert to overdose state.
- Side effects include nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, sweating, increased blood pressure, seizures, and potential cardiac arrest.
- Adult dosage: 0.4-2 mg, administered nasally via atomizer.
- Pediatric dosage: 0.1 mg/kg nasally, maximum 2 mg, can be repeated in 5 minutes if no effect.
Pralidoxime
- Also referred to as 2-PAM; classified as a cholinesterase reactivator.
- Reactivates cholinesterase in instances of organophosphate poisoning and deactivates the toxins.
- Indicated for severe organophosphate poisoning characterized by muscle twitching, respiratory depression, and paralysis.
- Contraindicated in inorganic phosphate poisoning or other types of poisonings.
- Precautions include potential tachycardia and should follow atropine administration.
- Side effects may involve excitement and manic behavior.
- Adult dosage: one autoinjector, administered intramuscularly.
- Pediatric dosage: same as adults, one autoinjector intramuscularly.
Activated Charcoal
- Also known as Actidose; classified as an adsorbent.
- Works by adsorbing and binding toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Indicated for the treatment of acute ingested poisoning.
- Contraindicated in patients with an uncontrolled airway, and with ingestion of certain toxic substances like cyanide or organic solvents.
- Administer only after emesis or when emesis is contraindicated.
- Side effects include vomiting and darkening of stool.
- Adult dosage: 50 grams, orally (PO).
- Pediatric dosage: 1 g/kg, maximum 25 g, orally.
Atropine
- Classified as a parasympatholytic; blocks acetylcholine receptors.
- Increases heart rate and reduces gastrointestinal secretions.
- Indicated for significant bradycardia and organophosphate poisoning.
- No contraindications in emergency settings.
- Caution in cases of tachycardia and hypertension.
- Side effects include palpitations, headache, dry mouth, blurred vision, and urination retention.
Acetaminophen
- Commonly known as Tylenol; classified as a non-narcotic analgesic and antipyretic.
- Proven efficacy as an analgesic/antipyretic with minimal impact on platelets.
- Used for mild to moderate pain and fever management.
- Contraindicated in hypersensitivity.
- Caution advised for children under 3 years and patients with liver disease.
- Minimal side effects when within the recommended dosage range.
- Adult dosage: 1000 mg orally.
- Pediatric dosage: 15 mg/kg orally.
Albuterol
- Known as Proventil or Ventolin; sympathomimetic class.
- Induces bronchodilation; useful in respiratory conditions.
- Indicated for asthma and reversible bronchospasm related to COPD.
- Contraindicated in hypersensitivity and symptomatic tachycardia.
- Monitor blood pressure, pulse, and ECG during use.
- Side effects may include palpitations, anxiety, and headache.
- Adult dosage: 2.5-5.0 mg via nebulizer.
- Pediatric dosage: 2.5 mg via nebulizer, administered three times.
Aspirin
- Also called acetylsalicylic acid; serves as a platelet inhibitor and anti-inflammatory.
- Works by inhibiting platelet aggregation; crucial during cardiac events.
- Indicated for chest pain suggestive of myocardial infarction (MI).
- Contraindicated in hypersensitivity.
- Use with caution in patients with a history of GI bleeding or certain illnesses.
- Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and potential wheezing.
- Adult dosage: 325 mg, equivalent to four baby aspirin.
- Not indicated for pediatric patients.
Benadryl
- Known as diphenhydramine; classified as an antihistamine with sedative effects.
- Blocks histamine receptors; effective against allergic reactions.
- Indicated for anaphylaxis, allergic reactions, and dystonic reactions from phenothiazines.
- Contraindicated in asthma and for nursing mothers.
- Caution advised in hypotensive patients.
- Side effects may include sedation and drying of bronchial secretions.
- Adult dosage: 25-50 mg orally.
- Pediatric dosage: 1 mg/kg orally, not recommended for children under 3 months.
Epinephrine
- A sympathomimetic agent; functions as both bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor.
- Essential for managing severe allergic reactions.
- Contraindicated in hypersensitivity, certain heart conditions, and during pregnancy.
- Precautions include monitoring elderly, debilitated patients, and controlling elevated heart rates.
- Side effects consist of palpitations, tachycardia, and anxiety.
- Adult dosage: 0.3 mg if under 50 years; 0.15 mg if over 50.
- Pediatric dosage: 0.15 mg.
Glucose
- Classed as a carbohydrate; elevates blood sugar levels.
- Indicated for conscious patients with altered mental status and diabetes.
- Contraindicated in unconscious patients or those unable to swallow.
- Ensure the patient can control swallowing and maintain airway.
- Few side effects when administered correctly.
- Adult dosage: 1 tube, buccally, repeat as needed.
- Pediatric dosage mirrors adult dosage.
Ibuprofen
- Known as Advil or Motrin; categorized as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
- Acts as an anti-inflammatory and inhibits prostaglandins.
- Used for mild to moderate pain and fever management.
- Contraindicated in cases of hypersensitivity and concurrent NSAID use.
- Caution advised for GI bleeding and upset stomach.
- Side effects include heartburn and nausea.
- Adult dosage: 400-800 mg orally.
- Pediatric dosage: 10 mg/kg orally; avoid use in infants under 6 months.
Nitroglycerin
- Classified as a nitrate and antianginal; relaxes smooth muscles.
- Reduces cardiac workload and dilates coronary/systemic arteries.
- Indicated for angina pectoris and chest pain related to myocardial infarction.
- Contraindicated in children under 12 and patients taking certain erectile dysfunction medications.
- Monitor blood pressure constantly; assess for syncope.
- Must be protected from light; expiration occurs quickly after opening.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key medications covered in the CPCC EMT course, particularly Naloxone. Test your knowledge on its alternate name, description, classifications, indications, and contraindications. Perfect for EMT students preparing for exams and practical applications in emergency situations.
