21 Questions
Which of the following is a known side effect of Ephedra?
Insomnia
What is the primary effect of absorption blockers?
Block the absorption of fat and carbohydrates
Which supplement is known to have an effect on reducing adipocyte lipogenesis and decreasing fat absorption?
Green tea
What is the common side effect of both Phaseolus vulgaris and Chitosan?
GI distress and flatulence
Which medication has been associated with an increase in pulse and blood pressure?
Bupropion
What is the primary effect of appetite suppressants?
Increase satiety and decrease hunger
Which group of approved drugs can be used to manage weight in patients with obesity?
Group B2: Medications for overweight/obesity
According to FDA standards, what is one of the considerations when comparing short-term versus long-term use of drugs for obesity?
Potential side effects of the drugs
What is a key factor to identify regarding diabetes medications and their impact on weight?
Their mechanism of action
What is the focus of Group B1 in managing weight for patients with obesity?
Over-the-counter supplements
What is a primary category of supplements discussed in the text?
Vitamins and Minerals
What is an example of a physical benefit of regular activity mentioned in the text?
Reduced risk of heart disease
How many cardiovascular benefits of physical activity are mentioned in the text?
6
What is the main focus of the 12 behavior management strategies mentioned in the text?
Encouraging physical activity
Which medication primarily targets fat absorption for weight loss?
Orlistat (Alli)
What is the primary mechanism of action for Lorcaserin (Belviq) in weight loss?
Reduces food intake by targeting serotonin-2C receptor
Which medication affects both norepinephrine and GABA receptors for weight loss?
Phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia)
Which medication utilizes opioid receptor antagonism for weight loss?
Naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave)
What is the common side effect of Phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia) that includes paraesthesia and dysgeusia?
Constipation
What is the primary caution associated with Lorcaserin (Belviq) due to the risk of serotonin syndrome?
Using with SSRIs or MAOIs
Which medication is contraindicated in pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, or hypersensitivity to its ingredients?
Phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia)
Study Notes
- Medications for obesity: Orlistat, Lorcaserin, Phentermine/topiramate ER, Naltrexone/bupropion, and Phentermine.
- Orlistat (Alli): Long-term use, inhibits pancreatic lipase, reduces fat absorption, causes fecal fat loss, and may lead to decreases in fat-soluble vitamins. Effectiveness includes more than 11% weight loss in the first year, improved cardiovascular risk factors, and decreased energy intake.
- Lorcaserin (Belviq): Long-term use, a serotonergic drug for weight loss, reduces food intake by targeting the serotonin-2C receptor in the hypothalamus. Effectiveness includes weight loss and maintenance, improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, and decreased hunger ratings. Safety: caution against using with SSRIs or MAOIs due to serotonin syndrome risk.
- Phentermine/topiramate ER (Qsymia): Long-term use, phentermine reduces appetite through increased norepinephrine and topiramate affects gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. Effectiveness includes weight loss with improvements in most risk factors, reduced severity of sleep apnea symptoms, and decreases in blood pressure, glycemic measures, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. Common side effects include paraesthesia, dizziness, dysgeusia, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth. Contraindications: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, or hypersensitivity to ingredients.
- Naltrexone/bupropion (Contrave): Long-term use, not yet on the market. Bupropion reduces food intake by acting on adrenergic and dopaminergic receptors in the hypothalamus, and naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist that inhibits opioid receptors affected by beta-endorphin, releasing alpha-MSH to inhibit food intake.
- Approved medications for obesity have varying mechanisms of action, durations of use, and side effects, as well as benefits in terms of weight loss and improvements in various risk factors.
- Orlistat primarily targets fat absorption, while Lorcaserin influences serotonin receptors and Phentermine/topiramate ER affects both norepinephrine and GABA receptors. Naltrexone/bupropion utilizes opioid receptor antagonism.
- Side effects range from mild and resolved quickly, such as headache, nausea, dizziness, and constipation, to more serious contraindications like pregnancy for certain medications.
- Long-term use of these medications often yields significant weight loss and improvements in risk factors like blood pressure, glycemic measures, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, caution must be taken to avoid serious side effects and contraindications.
Test your knowledge on medications and dietary supplements for overweight/obesity, physical activity recommendations, and FDA standards. Learn about the mechanism of action, effectiveness, safety, and approved duration of medications approved for obesity, as well as their impact on diabetes. Prepare for Group B2 presentation by Fawatim Alkhamis, Lujain Albahrani, and Rehaf Albaqami.
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