Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors such as Omeprazole and Lansoprazole?
What is the mechanism of action for proton pump inhibitors such as Omeprazole and Lansoprazole?
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated if vomiting is due to obstruction?
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated if vomiting is due to obstruction?
What side effect is commonly associated with magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide gel?
What side effect is commonly associated with magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide gel?
What is the primary use for sucralfate?
What is the primary use for sucralfate?
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Which anti-emetic is specifically designed for use in dogs and is also used in cats?
Which anti-emetic is specifically designed for use in dogs and is also used in cats?
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What mechanism do bile acid sequestrants utilize to manage diarrhea?
What mechanism do bile acid sequestrants utilize to manage diarrhea?
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Which laxative works by trapping ammonia and therefore increasing water retention?
Which laxative works by trapping ammonia and therefore increasing water retention?
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Which antacid is known to cause constipation as a frequent side effect?
Which antacid is known to cause constipation as a frequent side effect?
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Study Notes
Medications Affecting Gastric Secretion
- Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminium hydroxide gel: Neutralize gastric secretions. May cause diarrhea. Used for ruminal acidosis, gastritis, and esophagitis.
- Sucralfate: Protects stomach mucosa. May interfere with absorption of other drugs absorbed through the stomach lining.
- Activated charcoal, Bismuth, Kaolin/pectin: Absorb toxins; coat the stomach and bind to bacteria/toxins.
- Ranitidine, Cimetidine: Histamine antagonists; inhibit gastrin, histamine, and acetylcholine-stimulated secretion. Pepsin secretion reduced. Rebound increase possible on withdrawal. Cimetidine inhibits cytochrome P450 and slows metabolism.
- Omeprazole, Lansoprazole: Proton pump inhibitors, irreversibly bind to ATPase, inhibiting both basal and stimulated acid release.
- Misoprostol: Stable analogue of PGE1. Inhibits acid secretion, increases mucosal blood flow, and increases uterine contractions. Do not use in late gestation due to risk of premature labor/abortion.
Emetics
- Apomorphine: Dopamine agonist causing vomiting. Used IV or mucosal, rapid effect. May cause psychomotor effects in cats.
- Xylazine: Alpha 2 agonist used as an emetic.
- Syrup of Ipecac: Direct irritant causing vomiting. High doses can cause cardiotoxicity.
- Chlorpromazine: Dopamine antagonist (centrally acting) antiemetic.
- Metoclopramide, Domperidone: Dopamine antagonists. Contraindicated if vomiting is due to obstruction. IV administration; short-acting.
- Maropitant (Cerenia): Neurokinin-1 antagonist. Competes with substance P. Specifically designed for dogs but also used in cats.
Antimotility Agents
- Opiates (Morphine, Codeine, Loperamide): Increase contractions but decrease propulsion, leading to increased large intestine tone (constipation). Can cause diarrhea, colic, and stasis.
- Atropine, Hyoscine (Buscopan): Inhibit acetylcholine stimulating effects from vagus nerve. Atropine not as specific. Used for diarrhea, colic, and stasis.
Laxatives
- Methylcellulose, Agar bran: Increase GIT bulk to stimulate motility.
- Lactulose: Broken down in the lower gut to lactic acid, altering pH to more acidic, trapping ammonia and consequently water.
Motility Agent
- Cisapride: Serotonergic 5-HT4 receptor agonist.
Digestive Enzymes
- Porcine pancreatic enzymes: Used for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Other
- Prednisolone: Anti-inflammatory agent.
- Bloat Guard (surfactant): Antifoaming agent. Detergent action breaks down bubbles. Used in ruminants (frothy bloat).
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Description
This quiz explores various medications that influence gastric secretion, including their mechanisms and potential effects. It covers drugs such as magnesium hydroxide, sucralfate, and proton pump inhibitors, providing insights into their pharmacological actions and indications. Test your knowledge on how these medications interact with the digestive system.
