Medication Administration Safety Measures
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes a system of medication administration that requires a specific user verification?

  • Automated medication-dispensing (correct)
  • Individual doses
  • Barcode medication administration (correct)
  • Unit-dose systems

    • What is NOT a requirement for medication dosages according to safety measures?

  • Providing frequency and strength
  • Applying tall man lettering for look-alike drugs
  • Using trailing zeros (correct)
  • Displaying metric measurements

    • Which term refers to medications that can be obtained without a prescription?

  • Prescription medications
  • Controlled substances
  • Herbs and botanicals
  • Non-prescription/Over the counter (OTC) (correct)

    • What is an incorrect assumption about herbal and botanical medications?

    <p>They are all considered safe without supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of administration can be delivered via injection?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable time frame for administering medications in relation to the scheduled administration time?

    <p>30 minutes to 1 hour before or after</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the right documentation process for medication administration?

    <p>Documenting the effectiveness of the medication before administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a healthcare provider do if a medication is not administered?

    <p>Document the reason for not giving the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should liquid medications be used or pills be crushed for elderly patients?

    <p>When they have difficulty swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has food interactions with a medication, what should be checked before administration?

    <p>The patient's last meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>To allow patients to control their own pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods would NOT reduce the risk of medication errors?

    <p>Verbal orders without confirmation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacokinetics refer to?

    <p>What happens to a drug in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Five Rights' of medication administration?

    <p>Right Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be an example of an administration error?

    <p>Administering an expired medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the risk of medication errors in the pediatric population?

    <p>Variation in size and weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the pain management team in PCA?

    <p>To manage pain protocols and assess as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is public reporting of medication errors important?

    <p>It contributes to ongoing quality improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a patient's ability to swallow medication, which is a key consideration?

    <p>Body system assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In safe medication administration, what should be verified with two patient identifiers?

    <p>Patient's full name and medical record number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to write a dosage to ensure safety in medication administration?

    <p>0.3 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of medication administration is NOT considered a non-invasive method?

    <p>Intramuscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consideration when using herbs and botanicals in medication therapy?

    <p>Their potency can vary, which may affect interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tall man lettering' help to address in medication administration?

    <p>Commonly mistaken portions of medication names.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication form is specifically referred to as over-the-counter (OTC)?

    <p>Medications that are FDA approved without supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented if a medication is not administered?

    <p>The reason for not administering the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How soon can a medication be given before the scheduled administration time?

    <p>30 minutes to 1 hour before the scheduled time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is recommended for documenting medication administration?

    <p>Document administration immediately after giving the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration for administering medication to children?

    <p>Parents may need to assist in administering the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key assessment should be conducted before administering certain medications like digoxin?

    <p>Check the patient's heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key responsibilities when managing Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>Monitoring how many times the patient presses the button</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of drug action involves understanding how the body metabolizes a medication?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT included in the medication assessment process?

    <p>Nutritional preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering medication, when should a healthcare provider check the medication label?

    <p>At three critical points during the administration process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions increases the risk of medication errors in the elderly population?

    <p>Polypharmacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct action if a medication is not administered to a patient?

    <p>Document the omission and inform the healthcare team promptly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Five Rights of Medication Administration involves confirming the patient’s identity?

    <p>Right Patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which way can healthcare providers maximize communication to prevent medication errors?

    <p>Implementing a culture of feedback and discussion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common type of administration error that can occur?

    <p>Forgetting to monitor patient's vital signs before administering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a lock-out time in Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>To limit the frequency of doses for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical safety measure to ensure correct medication administration for patients?

    <p>Employing a barcode medication administration system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the importance of 'tall man lettering' in medication orders?

    <p>It emphasizes differences in medication names that may sound similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why non-prescription (over-the-counter) medications are considered less risky than prescription medications?

    <p>They are FDA approved and deemed safe for use without supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is it critical to verify the route of medication administration?

    <p>Before preparing a medication for administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant safety concern when dealing with herbal or botanical medications?

    <p>The potency and safety can vary from one product to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What documentation is required if a medication is not administered?

    <p>Document the reason for not giving the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action if a patient refuses to take medication?

    <p>Document the refusal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circumstance should be assessed before administering certain medications like digoxin?

    <p>Patient's blood pressure and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if medication is due to be administered but the patient is unable to swallow?

    <p>Dilute the medication in food or liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for safe medication administration?

    <p>Record the administration before giving the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if there is no patient bracelet available before administering medication?

    <p>Stop and obtain a patient bracelet before proceeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a bolus rate in Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>Patient-administered dose as needed, subject to a lock-out time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be evaluated in the medication assessment process regarding the patient's history?

    <p>Allergies, intolerances, and previous medication-related issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of administration errors?

    <p>Deliberate violation of established medication protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the pharmacodynamics concept, which aspect focuses on the interactions and side effects of a drug on the body?

    <p>Therapeutic effects and drug interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is classified as a high-risk medication due to the potential for serious harm if errors occur?

    <p>Heparin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'titration order' specifically refer to in medication protocols?

    <p>Gradually adjusting the drug dosage based on the patient's response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for implementing barcode scanning in medication administration?

    <p>To prevent misidentification and enhance patient safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental aspect should be checked when confirming the right medication according to safety standards?

    <p>The medication's expiration date and label checks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of the Five Rights of Medication Administration addresses the route of administration?

    <p>Right Route.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'automated medication-dispensing' refer to in medication administration?

    <p>A system that uses technology for medication distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of documenting medication doses?

    <p>Including dosage frequency and strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of medication administration is indicated by 'IM'?

    <p>Intramuscular injection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential consideration when using herbal or botanical medications?

    <p>Their potency can vary and may interact with prescription medications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using 'tall man lettering' in medication orders?

    <p>To emphasize parts of drug names that are commonly mistaken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented if a medication is not given to a patient?

    <p>The patient's refusal of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering medication, what is a necessary pre-administration assessment for certain medications like digoxin?

    <p>Assess the patient's heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reference to medication administration, what does the term 'Right Time' primarily entail?

    <p>Administering medications within a specified window around the scheduled time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main considerations when administering medication to elderly patients?

    <p>Liquid forms of medication should be preferred or pills crushed if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in the documentation process of medication administration?

    <p>Using unapproved abbreviations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of drug action describes how the body metabolizes a medication?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'lock-out time' in Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>To prevent overdose by restricting the bolus dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT part of the medication assessment process?

    <p>Medication side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to have two patient identifiers before administering medication?

    <p>To ensure the correct medication is given to the right patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can healthcare providers prevent medication errors?

    <p>Utilizing barcode scanning technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an administration error?

    <p>Administering the correct drug but at an incorrect dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these actions involves assessing a patient's ability to safely receive medications?

    <p>Evaluating the patient's GI motility and muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pain management team regarding Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>To manage medications according to established protocols and nursing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mistake can occur related to the administration of medications?

    <p>Discrepancy between administered and intended drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of medication administration concerning the pediatric population?

    <p>They may have varying medication dosages based on weight and size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety measure involves verifying medication administration through scanning?

    <p>Barcode medication administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dosage format is considered safe according to medication administration guidelines?

    <p>0.3 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes medications that require monitoring for therapeutic effectiveness and toxicity?

    <p>Prescription medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification of medications requires awareness of potential drug interactions due to their natural origins?

    <p>Herbs and botanicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of tall man lettering in medication orders?

    <p>To highlight commonly confused medication names</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be documented if a medication is found to have side effects such as vomiting or pain levels after administration?

    <p>Therapeutic effects, side effects, and any allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a medication is prescribed to be administered when a patient cannot swallow?

    <p>Assess the patient's ability to swallow and consider alternatives like liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to check concerning medication interactions before administration?

    <p>The frequency of the patient's medication doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of information is NOT required for proper documentation after administering medication?

    <p>The exact time the medication was last prescribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a special circumstance that should be considered when administering medications to children?

    <p>Parents may need to assist in administering medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the pain team in managing Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)?

    <p>To manage PCA according to protocols and nursing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of medication administration emphasizes knowing the patient's history and potential allergies?

    <p>Medication Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Pharmacodynamics focus on?

    <p>The therapeutic and adverse effects of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant risk factor for medication errors?

    <p>High risk medications like narcotics and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lock-out time in PCA help to manage?

    <p>The time before medication can be re-administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the Five Rights of Medication Administration?

    <p>Right Treatment Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major consideration when assessing a patient before medication administration?

    <p>The ability to swallow the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication order is referred to as a standing protocol?

    <p>Routine/standing order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of rigorously checking a medication label?

    <p>To confirm dosage accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if a patient does not have a patient identification bracelet?

    <p>Stop and obtain a bracelet before continuing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medication Administration

    • Safety measures are crucial, including using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) National Patient Safety Goals. Medication distribution systems include unit-dose, pre-packaged, and individually dosed systems, as well as automated dispensing machines (like Pyxis). Barcodes are used to ensure correct patient, drug, dose, time, route, and documentation.
    • Types of medications include non-prescription (OTC), prescription drugs, herbs, and botanicals. Medication orders should include the name (brand/trade), dosage, frequency, route (PO, IM, IV, etc), and time of administration (before/after meals).
    • Medication orders must clearly specify dosage, frequency, and route of administration. Trailing zeros should be avoided (e.g., 0.3, not 0.300) to prevent errors.
    • Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) systems allow patients to self-administer pain medication. Basal rates provide continuous pain control, and bolus rates allow for additional doses as needed. Child PCA is often accompanied by a naloxone drip.
    • Pharmacokinetics describe how the body processes a drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion), while pharmacodynamics describes the drug's effect on the body (therapeutic, adverse, side effects, toxicity, drug interactions).
    • Thorough medication assessment should include patient history, allergies, current medications, and orders, as well as diet and fluid orders and lab values. Physical assessments to ascertain the patient's swallowing ability, GI motility and body systems are important as well as the patient's understanding and compliance.
    • Safe medication administration ensures medication is given correctly (five rights) and the intended dosage, route, time of administration, and patient are confirmed. Discrepancies between the received medication and the prescribed therapy need addressing. Errors of omission or incorrect administration techniques or the use of expired medications are potential issues to watch out for.

    Medication Errors

    • Guidelines exist to prevent errors in medication administration, including the use of standardized procedures and barcode scanning.
    • Five rights of medication administration include the right patient, medication, dose, time, and route.
    • Errors in medication administration should be reported as part of quality improvement (QI) measures

    Safe Medication Administration

    • Follow established protocols for medication administration, emphasizing patient safety.
    • Double-checking medication orders and labeling, as well as checking expiration dates is vital.

    Special Circumstances

    • Be aware of special circumstances, such as needing to assist patients with swallowing.
    • Ensuring patients can safely administer their medications safely and appropriately is important.

    Medication Administration Routes

    • Sublingual, buccal, topical, transdermal, ophthalmic, otic, nasal, inhaled, rectal and vaginal are all pertinent routes to consider depending on specific circumstances.

    Oral Medications

    • Oral medications are convenient, generally cause fewer side effects, and are inexpensive.
    • Follow proper procedures such as pouring medications from a liquid cup and measuring with a syringe.
    • Ensure liquid medication levels are at the recommended line on the syringe and ensure that the cup level is at the recommended line on the cup.

    Parenteral Administration

    • Intradermal, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous and intravenous injections are all important routes of administering medications.
    • Appropriate techniques and injection sites are crucial for safe and effective parenteral administration.

    Urinary Elimination

    • Proper assessment of urinary elimination is crucial for providing appropriate patient care.
    • Factors influencing urination include fluid intake, medications (narcotics, iron, antacids), and underlying health conditions (dysuria, polyuria, oliguria, anuria, hematuria, and incontinence).
    • Measuring urine output, evaluating its characteristics, and identifying any abnormalities are important aspects of patient monitoring.

    Bowel Elimination

    • Factors influencing bowel elimination include nutrition (fiber, lactose intolerance, and gluten), fluid intake and medications.
    • Altering bowel function can lead to constipation and fecal impaction.
    • Patients may experience altered bowel function due to underlying health conditions or medications.

    Diagnostics

    • Diagnostic tools used to aid in assessing urinary and bowel function can include 24-hour urine samples, catheter samples, urine cultures and sensitivities, and stool samples for analysis.

    Surgical Procedures

    • Surgical procedures used to treat bowel or bladder problems could include urostomy and ileostomy/colostomy procedures. These surgeries may need a follow up assessment and care.

    Endoscopy Procedures

    • Diagnostic procedures such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and colonoscopy can be used to assess the upper gastrointestinal (GI) and lower GI tract respectively, and to remove polyps or other growths during these procedures.
    • Proper procedure, cleaning, and preparation are important to prevent infection and damage to the digestive tract.

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    Description

    Explore the vital safety measures involved in medication administration. This quiz covers medication distribution systems, types of medications, and key elements of medication orders. Understand the significance of proper dosage, frequency, and patient safety protocols.

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