Medication Administration: Oral and Topical
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Questions and Answers

What type of syringe should be used for administering oral doses?

  • An oral syringe that cannot be connected to IV ports (correct)
  • Any syringe with a needle
  • A plastic syringe that can be reused
  • Any standard syringe that fits IV ports

    • What is a critical nursing responsibility when administering oral medications?

  • Administer medications only after meals
  • Position the patient at a 90-degree angle to prevent aspiration (correct)
  • Position the patient lying down to relax
  • Provide all medications at once for convenience

    • What should be monitored to identify dysphagia in a patient?

  • Higher energy levels following medication intake
  • Increased appetite after medication
  • Coughing during or after swallowing medications (correct)
  • Rapid weight loss post-administration

    • What is the recommended method for administering pills to a patient?

    <p>Introduce each pill one at a time after confirming the previous one is swallowed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a nurse ensure the safety of medication administration regarding crushing pills?

    <p>By consulting a medication reference to identify safe drugs for crushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major advantage of oral medication administration?

    <p>It rarely causes anxiety for the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which condition is oral medication administration contraindicated?

    <p>In patients who are unconscious or confused.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of oral drug form is a flat disk containing a medicinal agent?

    <p>Lozenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients be instructed not to do when taking medication via the sublingual route?

    <p>Swallow the medication immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral medication administration?

    <p>They sometimes irritate the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of capsules?

    <p>They are cylindrical containers that hold liquid or dry powder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation may oral administration be avoided?

    <p>When patients have reduced gastrointestinal motility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should buccal medications be administered to minimize irritation?

    <p>Patients should alternate cheeks with each dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of elixirs in drug formulation?

    <p>To provide a clear solution for drugs that dissolve partially in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are syrups primarily effective at masking?

    <p>Bitter tastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tablets is true?

    <p>They are dried powdered drugs compressed into small disks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an emulsifying agent in emulsions?

    <p>To prevent the separation of liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should suspensions be shaken well before administration?

    <p>To ensure thorough mixing of solid particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equipment is used to improve the accuracy of tablet splitting?

    <p>Tablet splitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a medicine pot?

    <p>It allows dosage forms to be taken from their original container for immediate administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are pills considered an obsolete dosage form?

    <p>When they are no longer manufactured due to the development of newer forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of topical administration of medications?

    <p>Risk of rapid medication absorption in patients with skin abrasions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topical drug form is typically thicker than an ointment and used for skin protection?

    <p>Paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing responsibility when administering topical medications?

    <p>Assess the affected site's skin integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using a transdermal patch for drug administration?

    <p>Prolonged systemic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a main disadvantage of using transdermal administration?

    <p>Leaves an oily or pasty substance on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about liniments?

    <p>They usually contain alcohol, oil, or soapy emollients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to wash and dry the affected area before applying topical medications?

    <p>To enhance effective medication delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a patient experience after applying a topical medication that should be reported to the nurse?

    <p>Signs of a rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can be delivered using a transdermal system?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transdermal patch consists of a drug-containing matrix, an adhesive layer, and a backing material?

    <p>Layered or matrix patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing responsibility is essential before applying a transdermal patch?

    <p>Assess the condition of the affected site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with a used transdermal patch before applying a new one?

    <p>Fold it adhesive side inwards and dispose of it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended application site for transdermal patches?

    <p>On hairless areas like the upper chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important step when applying a transdermal patch?

    <p>Apply the patch immediately and press firmly with the palm of the hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after applying a transdermal patch?

    <p>Date and initial the patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the removal of drug residue from previous application sites is accurate?

    <p>It should be done before applying the next patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of throat lozenges?

    <p>To relieve sore throat pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ingredient is commonly found in throat lozenges that helps numb the throat?

    <p>Menthol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do throat lozenges typically provide relief?

    <p>By coating the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of throat lozenge is generally effective for dry throat symptoms?

    <p>Moisturizing lozenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it generally advised to avoid using throat lozenges?

    <p>For children under 5 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may require consultation before using throat lozenges?

    <p>Chronic dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a misconception about the use of throat lozenges?

    <p>They can cure throat infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do menthol-containing throat lozenges have on the throat?

    <p>Numb the throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common flavor for throat lozenges?

    <p>Chocolate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For effective relief, how often should throat lozenges generally be taken?

    <p>Every three to four hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medication Administration: Oral and Topical

    • Oral Route Advantages:

      • Convenient
      • Comfortable
      • Economical
      • Easy to administer
      • Often produces local or systemic effects
      • Rarely causes anxiety for the patient

    • Oral Route Disadvantages:

      • Avoided in patients with GI alterations, reduced GI motility, or surgical resection of the GI tract
      • Contraindicated in patients unable to swallow or those that are unconscious or confused
      • Can irritate the GI tract lining, discolor teeth, or have unpleasant taste
      • Gastric secretions may destroy some medications

    • Oral Route:

      • Easiest and most common administration method
      • Medications given by mouth and swallowed with fluids
      • Slower onset of action compared to parenteral routes.
      • More prolonged effect than parenteral routes

    • Sublingual Route:

      • Medications placed under the tongue
      • Patient instructed not to swallow or drink anything until the medication dissolves completely
      • Ensures the medication works as intended

    • Buccal Route:

      • Solid medication placed against the mucous membranes of the cheek until it dissolves.
      • Patients should alternate cheeks with each dose to prevent mucosal irritation.
      • Avoid chewing or swallowing

    • Oral Drug Forms:

      • Capsules: Small, cylindrical gelatin containers holding dry powders or liquid medications.
      • Lozenges: Flat disks containing a medicinal agent in a flavored base (often hard sugar candy or sugar/gelatin combination). Held in the mouth to dissolve slowly.
      • Pills: Obsolete form of medication no longer widely manufactured. Still a term sometimes used for tablets and capsules.
      • Syrups: Dissolved medications in a concentrated sugar/water solution. Effective in masking taste.
      • Tablets: Dried powdered medications compressed into small disks.

    Topical Administration: Skin

    • Skin Advantages:

      • Local effect
      • Painless
      • Limited side effects

    • Skin Disadvantages:

      • Patients with skin abrasions at higher risk for rapid medication absorption and systemic effects
      • Medications absorbed through skin slowly

    • Topical Drug Forms:

      • Ointment: Semisolid, externally applied preparation, often containing one or more medications
      • Liniment: Usually contains alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient for application to the skin.
      • Lotion: Semiliquid suspension protecting, cooling, or cleansing the skin.
      • Paste: Thicker than ointment, absorbed through skin slower; often used for skin protection
      • Transdermal disk/patch: Medicated disk or patch absorbed through the skin over a long period.

    Topical Administration: Transdermal

    • Transdermal Advantages:

      • Prolonged systemic effects

    • Transdermal Disadvantages:

      • Medication leaves an oily or pasty substance on skin, potentially staining clothing.

    • Transdermal Mechanism:

      • Patch containing a sufficient amount of drug to achieve the desired effect when it crosses the skin and enters the systemic system.
      • Includes medications like fentanyl, hyoscine, nicotine, and oestradiol

    • Transdermal Patch Types:

      • Adhesive: Simple design with a drug-containing adhesive and backing material.
      • Layered/matrix: Drug-containing matrix, adhesive layer, and backing material; matrix controls drug release.
      • Reservoir: Enclosed reservoir containing drug, with a membrane, adhesive layer, and backing material.

    Nursing Responsibilities - Oral & Topical

    • Oral Route:

      • Position patient upright (90 degrees) to prevent aspiration
      • Allow self-administration where possible
      • Medications administered one at a time to ensure proper swallowing
      • Assess for signs of swallowing difficulties (dysphagia)
      • Consult medication resources for safe crushing instructions

    • Topical Route:

      • Assess condition of affected site for skin integrity
      • Clean and dry the affected area.
      • Apply topical treatments to a hairless area unless otherwise specified.
      • Cover the area with a towel or sheet if necessary
      • Instruct patient to inform the nurse of any itching/rashes.

    Oral Route - Equipment

    • Medicine Pot: Used for transferring a dosage form from its packaging to the patient.
    • Tablet Splitter: Facilitates accurate splitting of tablets for easier administration.
    • Tablet Crusher: Useful for preparing medications for patients with swallowing difficulties, without a suitable alternative.
    • Oral Syringe: A syringe specifically designed to administer oral doses without attaching to intravenous systems.
    • Medicine/Soufflé Cup: Measuring cups for liquids and semi-solids, with various measuring scales.
    • Medicine Dropper: A small tool, often used for precise liquid measurements.
    • Measuring Teaspoon: Used to measure solid medications.

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    Related Documents

    Route of Medication Administration: Oral and Topical PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the advantages and disadvantages of oral and sublingual medication administration. Understand the various factors influencing the choice of administration routes and their effects on patient comfort and medication efficacy. Test your knowledge on common practices in medication delivery.

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