Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oral administration compared to parenteral administration?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of oral administration compared to parenteral administration?
- Oral administration can be reversed easier in case of accidental ingestion.
- Oral administration is generally safer than injection.
- Oral administration is usually more convenient than injections.
- Oral administration bypasses the first-pass effect of the liver. (correct)
What is the primary advantage of administering medications via the intravenous route?
What is the primary advantage of administering medications via the intravenous route?
- Intravenous administration provides the quickest onset of action due to direct entry into the bloodstream. (correct)
- Intravenous administration is the most convenient route for self-administered medications.
- Intravenous administration is the most cost-effective route for medication delivery.
- Intravenous administration bypasses the first-pass effect of the liver, resulting in higher bioavailability.
Sublingual drug administration offers which of the following advantages?
Sublingual drug administration offers which of the following advantages?
- Rapid absorption due to the rich blood supply under the tongue. (correct)
- Direct absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing the first-pass effect of the liver.
- Slow and sustained release of the drug over an extended period.
- Localized action, primarily affecting only the oral cavity.
Which route of administration is preferred when oral administration is not feasible and a rapid systemic effect is desired?
Which route of administration is preferred when oral administration is not feasible and a rapid systemic effect is desired?
Which of the following statements about the rectal route of administration is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the rectal route of administration is TRUE?
Which route of administration is characterized by avoiding first-pass metabolism?
Which route of administration is characterized by avoiding first-pass metabolism?
Which factor DOES NOT influence the rate of drug absorption?
Which factor DOES NOT influence the rate of drug absorption?
What is a key advantage of topical drug administration?
What is a key advantage of topical drug administration?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between drug absorption and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between drug absorption and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
What is the primary route of administration for drugs that are poorly soluble and often given in "depot" preparations?
What is the primary route of administration for drugs that are poorly soluble and often given in "depot" preparations?
Which statement accurately describes the process of drug absorption in the enteral route?
Which statement accurately describes the process of drug absorption in the enteral route?
What is the term for the process by which a drug is converted from its original form to a more readily excreted form?
What is the term for the process by which a drug is converted from its original form to a more readily excreted form?
Which of the following factors can affect the rate of drug absorption?
Which of the following factors can affect the rate of drug absorption?
What type of data includes information obtained through the senses?
What type of data includes information obtained through the senses?
Which of the following examples represents subjective data?
Which of the following examples represents subjective data?
What is the first pass effect in pharmacology?
What is the first pass effect in pharmacology?
Which of the following routes is NOT associated with the first pass effect?
Which of the following routes is NOT associated with the first pass effect?
How does the first pass effect influence the concentration of a drug?
How does the first pass effect influence the concentration of a drug?
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of setting outcomes?
What does the acronym SMART stand for in the context of setting outcomes?
Which component of the nursing process involves prioritizing nursing diagnoses?
Which component of the nursing process involves prioritizing nursing diagnoses?
What is the purpose of the 'AEB' section in a nursing diagnosis?
What is the purpose of the 'AEB' section in a nursing diagnosis?
During which phase of the nursing process is patient education included?
During which phase of the nursing process is patient education included?
What should be the nature of outcome criteria in patient care?
What should be the nature of outcome criteria in patient care?
What is evaluated at the end of the nursing process?
What is evaluated at the end of the nursing process?
In the nursing diagnosis formulation, what does 'R/T' stand for?
In the nursing diagnosis formulation, what does 'R/T' stand for?
What is a key characteristic of the evaluation phase in the nursing process?
What is a key characteristic of the evaluation phase in the nursing process?
Which property allows sublingually administered drugs to have rapid absorption?
Which property allows sublingually administered drugs to have rapid absorption?
What is the main organ responsible for drug metabolism?
What is the main organ responsible for drug metabolism?
How does the drug-protein complex affect drug distribution?
How does the drug-protein complex affect drug distribution?
Which areas are identified as having rapid drug distribution?
Which areas are identified as having rapid drug distribution?
What term describes the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite?
What term describes the biochemical alteration of a drug into an inactive metabolite?
What is the primary process for eliminating drugs from the body?
What is the primary process for eliminating drugs from the body?
Which of the following factors influences a drug's distribution in the body?
Which of the following factors influences a drug's distribution in the body?
What is a characteristic of drugs absorbed via the buccal route?
What is a characteristic of drugs absorbed via the buccal route?
What is a primary concern regarding the use of ginseng in conjunction with prescription medications?
What is a primary concern regarding the use of ginseng in conjunction with prescription medications?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Market for Medicinal Herbs, as described in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Market for Medicinal Herbs, as described in the text?
What is the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the context of investigational new drugs?
What is the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the context of investigational new drugs?
What is the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?
What is the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four organic bases found in DNA?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four organic bases found in DNA?
What specific liver function test should a nurse monitor when considering the potential influence of ginseng on drug metabolism?
What specific liver function test should a nurse monitor when considering the potential influence of ginseng on drug metabolism?
Which of the following conditions is described in the text as having complex interactions involving multiple factors, including genetics and environment?
Which of the following conditions is described in the text as having complex interactions involving multiple factors, including genetics and environment?
What is the primary role of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA)?
What is the primary role of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA)?
Flashcards
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Diagnosis
A statement that identifies a patient's actual or potential health problem that a nurse can independently treat.
Related To (R/T)
Related To (R/T)
Factors contributing to the problem, such as medical conditions, lifestyle, or social issues.
As Evidenced By (AEB)
As Evidenced By (AEB)
Evidence that supports the nursing problem, such as observations, lab results, or patient statements.
Goal
Goal
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Outcome Criteria
Outcome Criteria
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Implementation
Implementation
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Evaluation
Evaluation
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Nursing Process
Nursing Process
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Objective Data
Objective Data
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Subjective Data
Subjective Data
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First-Pass Effect
First-Pass Effect
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What is the first-pass effect?
What is the first-pass effect?
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First-Pass Routes
First-Pass Routes
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Parenteral route
Parenteral route
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Enteral drug administration
Enteral drug administration
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Intravenous (IV) drug administration
Intravenous (IV) drug administration
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Sublingual
Sublingual
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Intravenous (IV) Route
Intravenous (IV) Route
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Drug Distribution
Drug Distribution
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Intramuscular (IM) Administration
Intramuscular (IM) Administration
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Drug Metabolism
Drug Metabolism
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Topical Administration
Topical Administration
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Transdermal Administration
Transdermal Administration
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Drug Excretion
Drug Excretion
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Sublingual Administration
Sublingual Administration
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Inhalational Administration
Inhalational Administration
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Buccal Administration
Buccal Administration
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Absorption
Absorption
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Plasma Protein Binding
Plasma Protein Binding
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Distribution
Distribution
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Blood-Brain Barrier
Blood-Brain Barrier
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Placental Barrier
Placental Barrier
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Investigational New Drug (IND) Application
Investigational New Drug (IND) Application
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Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA)
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA)
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Herbal Medicines
Herbal Medicines
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics
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Liver Enzymes
Liver Enzymes
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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
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Study Notes
Key Medication Terms
- Key terms for medication prescriptions are listed in each module chapter.
- A written prescription should include the patient's name, the date the order was written, the name of the drug(s), the dosage amount, the frequency, the route of administration, and the prescriber's signature.
Documentation of Medication Administration
- Document the date and time of administration, including the drug name, dose, route, and site.
- Record any changes in vital signs, adverse effects, other concerns (like toxicity), and the amount of fluid given (intake and output).
- Note any improvements or deterioration.
Important Considerations for Medication Administration
- Five Rights: Ensure the right drug, dose, time, route, and patient are used.
- Nine Rights: Include the five rights, plus right documentation, right reason (appropriateness for the patient's history), and right response (desired drug response).
Nursing Process Steps
- Assessment: Data collection, review, analysis of medication profiles (prescriptions, OTC meds, vitamins, herbs, supplements), and compliance/adherence to medication regimens.
- Diagnosis: Identify human needs statements, analyze cues, and prioritize hypotheses related to the patient's condition and medication needs.
- Planning: Establish measurable and realistic patient goals/outcomes criteria, ideally using SMART goals, for safe and effective medication administration.
- Implementation: Take actions and interventions, including patient education, based on specific outcomes for identified diagnoses.
- Evaluation: Monitor the patient's response (expected and unexpected responses) to medication therapy.
Medication Errors
- Medication errors should be documented in an incident report, but not as an "accident report".
- Patient age is already part of the patient's record, so it doesn't need to be repeated.
Routes of Drug Administration
- Enteral: Oral (usually easier, more convenient, safer than injection), rectal (good alternative, rapid absorption).
- Parenteral: Intravenous (fastest, directly into circulation), intramuscular (slower, often used for depot preparations), subcutaneous (slower absorption compared with IV).
- Topical: Directly to affected area, less likely to cause systemic drug effects.
- Transdermal: Constant drug absorption over time (e.g., patches).
- Inhalation: Rapid absorption, administered directly to lung tissue.
First-Pass Effect
- Drugs absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract are initially metabolized in the liver
- This effect reduces the amount of drug reaching systemic circulation.
- Some routes (e.g., intravenous) bypass this effect.
Time of Day and Drug Administration
- Time of day can affect stomach acidity, impacting drug absorption.
Distribution
- Drugs travel to areas of rapid distribution (heart, liver, kidneys, brain) faster than areas of slower distribution (muscle, skin, fat).
Metabolism
- Liver is the primary organ of drug metabolism; other tissues may also be involved, including, skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa.
Excretion
- Kidneys are the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs from the body.
Patient Groups and Considerations
- Elderly: Consider declining organ function, high medication use, polypharmacy (multiple medications), noncompliance, and chronic illnesses when giving drugs to older adults.
- Infants: Consider the immature liver and kidney function, thinner skin, and weaker mucous membranes, leading to changes in drug dosages and effects.
- Pregnancy: Nurses should carefully review potential risks and benefits when administering drugs to pregnant patients. Drug effects on the fetus should be evaluated.
Medication Reconciliation
- Medication reconciliation involves reviewing all medications a patient is on at different points in their healthcare journey.
- It involves verification (current medications), clarification, and reconciliation (identify any discrepancies and rectify as needed).
Patient Education and the Nursing Process
- Patient education aims to help patients learn healthy behaviors and incorporate them into their lives.
- Educational learning involves cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
- Consider memory issues in older adults.
Other Important Information
- Drug Properties: Drug properties influence safety and potential harm of drug delivery in relation to the patient.
- Cultural Factors: Culture influences patients' responses to drugs and should be considered when determining appropriate drug dosages.
- Ethical Principles: Withholding important information from a patient is unethical.
- Legal Considerations: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) protects patient information, and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) governs new drug approval requirements.
- Drug Interactions: Drug interactions should be taken into account in all types of patients.
- Drugs and DNA: DNA and genetics can affect the way a person reacts to and metabolizes a drug.
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Description
This quiz covers key terms and considerations for medication administration, including the necessary documentation and the crucial 'Five Rights' and 'Nine Rights' of medication. It also addresses the nursing process steps related to assessment and administration practices. Perfect for nursing students and professionals looking to test their knowledge.
