Medication Administration and IV Therapy

Questions and Answers

A drug is a chemical that is used for treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease.

True

The generic name of a drug is assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer who develops the drug.

True

The Rx symbol comes from the Latin word recipe and means 'take.'

True

An anaphylactic reaction can be life threatening.

True Signup and view all the answers

The dorsogluteal site is the most common site for administering injections in infants.

False Signup and view all the answers

A subcutaneous injection is given into muscle tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of aspirating when administering an injection is to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel.

True Signup and view all the answers

The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is administered through a subcutaneous injection.

False Signup and view all the answers

The peripheral veins of the arm and hand are used most often for administering IV therapy.

True Signup and view all the answers

Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to treat disease.

True Signup and view all the answers

OSHA is responsible for determining whether drugs are safe before release for human use.

False Signup and view all the answers

An enteric-coated tablet does not dissolve until it reaches the intestines.

True Signup and view all the answers

The apothecary system is most often used to administer medication in the medical office.

False Signup and view all the answers

The parenteral route of administering medications is used when the patient is allergic to the oral form of the drug.

False Signup and view all the answers

Hypodermic syringes are calibrated in milliliters.

True Signup and view all the answers

The maximum amount of medication that can be administered through the subcutaneous route is 2 mL.

False Signup and view all the answers

A patient with latent tuberculosis infection has a negative reaction to a TB test.

False Signup and view all the answers

A tuberculin skin test result should be read 15 to 20 minutes after administration.

False Signup and view all the answers

The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients through the IV route is known as an infusion.

True Signup and view all the answers

The administration of blood through the IV route is known as an IV push.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical representation of chem/o?

chemical Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -therapy mean?

treatment Signup and view all the answers

What does intra- mean?

within Signup and view all the answers

What does derm/o mean?

skin Signup and view all the answers

What does muscul/o signify?

muscle Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ar indicate?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does ven/o represent?

vein Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ous mean?

pertaining to Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmac/o mean?

drugs Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix sub- signify?

under, below Signup and view all the answers

What does cutane/o refer to?

skin Signup and view all the answers

What does lingu/o mean?

tongue Signup and view all the answers

What does trans- indicate?

through, across Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by administering medication?

medication that is given to a patient at the office Signup and view all the answers

What does prescribing involve?

when a physician provides a patient with a handwritten or computer-generated prescription for a drug to be filled at a pharmacy Signup and view all the answers

What does dispensed refer to?

medication given to a patient at the office to be taken at home Signup and view all the answers

What is the generic name of a drug?

assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer that develops the drug, before it receives official approval from the FDA Signup and view all the answers

What is a brand name?

name under which a pharmaceutical manufacturer markets a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a liniment?

drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol, or water Signup and view all the answers

What is a spray?

fine stream of medicated vapor Signup and view all the answers

What is a syrup?

drug dissolved in a solution of sugar, water, and sometimes a flavoring to disguise an unpleasant taste Signup and view all the answers

What is a tablet?

powdered drug that has been pressed into a disk Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of scoring a tablet?

they are marked with an indentation so that they can be broken into halves or quarters for proper dosage Signup and view all the answers

List two drugs that come in the form of chewable tablets.

Pepto-Bismol, Tums Signup and view all the answers

List reasons for enterically coating a tablet.

<ul> <li>protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices</li> <li>prevents it from irritating the stomach lining</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is a capsule?

drug contained in a gelatin capsule that is water-soluble Signup and view all the answers

Why must a suppository have a cylindrical or conical shape?

for easy insertion in a body cavity such as a rectum or vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is a transdermal patch?

patch with adhesive backing, which contains a drug, that is applied to the skin Signup and view all the answers

Why is the metric system used most often to administer medication?

it provides a more exact measurement and is easier to use Signup and view all the answers

Define volume in relation to medication administration.

the only household unit of measurement used to administer medication, amount of space occupied by a substance Signup and view all the answers

Describe the use of the household system of measurement.

only when a patient takes liquid medication at home Signup and view all the answers

When is conversion required?

when medication is ordered in a unit of measurement that differs from the medication's label Signup and view all the answers

What is a controlled drug?

drug that has the potential for abuse Signup and view all the answers

In what forms can a prescription be authorized?

<ul> <li>handwritten</li> <li>computer-generated prescriptions</li> <li>sent to a pharmacy by</li> <li>telephone</li> <li>fax</li> <li>electronically</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What requirements must be followed when issuing a prescription for a schedule II drug?

must be written in indelible ink or typed, telephone must be filled immediately Signup and view all the answers

List five brand names of schedule II analgesics.

Duragesic, Vicodin, Dilaudid, Dolophine, Roxanol Signup and view all the answers

What requirements must be followed when issuing a prescription for a schedule III drug?

if authorized by physician it can be refilled up to five times within 6 months; telephone and faxed prescriptions are also permitted. Signup and view all the answers

What is a schedule IV drug?

lower potential for abuse than schedule III; currently accepted in the United States Signup and view all the answers

List two brand names of schedule IV analgesics.

Stadol, Talwin Signup and view all the answers

List three brand names of schedule IV antianxiety agents.

Xanax, Librium, Valium Signup and view all the answers

What is included in each of the following parts of a prescription?

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What is superscription?

consists of the abbreviation Rx Signup and view all the answers

What is inscription?

states the name of the drug and the dose Signup and view all the answers

What is subscription?

gives directions to the pharmacist Signup and view all the answers

What is signatura?

indicates the information to be included on the medication label Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the patient's age to be indicated on a prescription?

to ensure the proper dosage is being dispensed Signup and view all the answers

What functions can be performed by an EMR prescription program?

generates and prints prescriptions, transmit the prescription electronically to the patient's pharmacy, and has the capability to refill a prescription & print a list of meds to be taken by the patient Signup and view all the answers

What types of medications should be recorded on a medication record form?

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List and describe three factors that affect the action of drugs in the body.

Age, Disease, Size Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms and treatment of an anaphylactic reaction?

Symptoms: sneezing, urticaria, itching, erythema, angioedema, disorientation Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the parenteral route of administration?

Advantages: when the patient is unconscious or has gastric disturbance; Disadvantages: pain and the possibility of infection as a result of breaking the skin Signup and view all the answers

How do safety-engineered syringes reduce the risk of a needlestick injury?

incorporate a built-in safety device that helps reduce the risk of needle sticks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a filter needle when withdrawing medication from an ampule?

filters out glass particles that might be going into the syringe as well Signup and view all the answers

What sites are used most frequently to administer a subcutaneous injection?

<ul> <li>lateral part of the arms, anterior thigh, upper back, and the abdomen</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

List three medications commonly administered through a subcutaneous injection.

<ul> <li>epinephrine, insulin, and allergy injections</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Why is medication absorbed faster through the intramuscular route than through the subcutaneous route?

there are more blood vessels in muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

List the four intramuscular (IM) injection sites, and explain why these sites must be used to administer an IM injection.

<ul> <li>dorsogluteal site</li> <li>deltoid site</li> <li>vastus lateralis site</li> <li>ventogluteal site</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What types of medication are given using the Z-track technique?

irritating to subcutaneous and skin tissue or that discolor the skin Signup and view all the answers

What sites are used most frequently to administer an intradermal injection?

dermal layer of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the most frequent use of an intradermal injection?

allergy test or tuberculin test Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis?

chronic cough that lasts up to three weeks or longer, produces a mucopurulent sputum, occasional hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is latent tuberculosis infection?

the individual may experience no symptoms and cannot spread it to others. Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of categories of individuals who should have a tuberculin test?

higher risk for tuberculosis exposure or infection or at higher risk for progressing from latent tuberculosis to active tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Why might a person who was recently infected with tuberculosis have a negative tuberculin skin test result?

bacteria are present but not active Signup and view all the answers

What is induration, and what causes it?

an abnormally raised hardened area with clearly defined margins caused by an accumulation of small, sensitized lymphocytes that occurs in the area in which the tuberculin was injected Signup and view all the answers

What procedures are performed if a patient has a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test?

chest x-ray and microbiologic examination and culture of the patient's sputum Signup and view all the answers

Who should have a two-step tuberculin skin test?

adults who are required to undergo periodic tuberculin skin testing Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if the first test of a two-step tuberculin skin test is negative and the second test is positive? What does it mean if both tests are negative?

<ul> <li>ability of immune system of person with previous TB infection to react to tuberculin solution may diminish resulting in a false negative test. When the second dose is administered there is a strong reaction resulting in a positive reaction.</li> <li>classified as noninfected and a positive reaction later to a subsequent TST is likely to represent a new infection.</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the blood test for tuberculosis?

QuantiFERON-TB Gold Signup and view all the answers

What are 10 examples of common allergens?

<ul> <li>plant pollens</li> <li>mold</li> <li>house dust</li> <li>animal dander</li> <li>latex</li> <li>dyes</li> <li>soaps</li> <li>detergents</li> <li>cosmetics</li> <li>certain foods</li> <li>medications</li> <li>venom from insect stings</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general treatment for allergies?

<ul> <li>avoiding the allergen if possible</li> <li>alleviating the symptoms through drug therapy</li> <li>decreasing the sensitivity of the body to the allergen by administration of allergy injections</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of patch testing?

used to identify allergens that cause contact dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

How long does it take for a reaction to occur with a skin-prick test?

15-20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Explain what is meant by each of the following intradermal skin test reactions.

Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of in vitro testing over direct skin testing?

<ul> <li>the results are not affected by medication (antihistamines)</li> <li>no danger of adverse allergic reactions</li> <li>can be performed on patients who have skin eruptions and are unable to undergo direct skin testing because of the lack of an intact skin surface area</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is intravenous therapy?

administration of a liquid agent directly into a patient's vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

Which veins are most often used for IV therapy?

peripheral veins of the arm and hand Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Administration of Medication and Intravenous Therapy

A drug serves as a chemical for treating, preventing, or diagnosing diseases.
The generic name of a drug is designated by the pharmaceutical manufacturer prior to FDA approval.
The Rx symbol derives from the Latin "recipe," meaning "take."
An anaphylactic reaction poses a significant threat to life.
The vastus lateralis site is preferred for infant injections, not the dorsogluteal site.
Subcutaneous injections are given into fat tissue, not muscle.
Aspiration during injection checks for blood vessel puncture.
The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is administered intradermally, not subcutaneously.
Peripheral veins of arms and hands are commonly used for IV therapy.
Chemotherapy involves using chemicals to treat diseases.
Enteric-coated tablets dissolve in the intestines, protecting the drug from gastric juices.
The metric system is primarily used for medication administration due to its precision.
Hypodermic syringes measure medication in milliliters.
The maximum subcutaneous injection volume is 1 mL, not 2 mL.
Symptoms of latent tuberculosis include the absence of symptoms and no contagion risk.
Tuberculin skin test results should be assessed after 48 to 72 hours, not 15 to 20 minutes.
Infusions involve administering fluids and drugs through the IV route.
Administration of blood via IV is termed an "IV transfusion," not an "IV push."
Medications in various forms include tablets, capsules, syrups, sprays, and liniments.
Scoring a tablet allows it to be split for precise doses.
The Z-track technique is used for medications that might irritate tissues or discolor the skin.
Intradermal injections are typically used for allergy and TB tests.
Active pulmonary tuberculosis presents with symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum production, and chest pain.
Individuals at high risk for tuberculosis should be tested.
Induration indicates an allergic response, characterized by hardening of the injection site.
Positive tuberculin skin test results require further examinations, including chest X-rays.
Two-step tuberculin skin tests help identify individuals with past TB infections.
QuantiFERON-TB Gold is a blood test for tuberculosis diagnosis.
Common allergens include plant pollens, dust, pet dander, latex, certain foods, and medications.
Allergy management involves allergen avoidance, symptom relief, and desensitization through injections.
Patch testing helps identify allergens causing contact dermatitis.
In vitro testing advantages include no interference from medications and lower risk of allergies during testing.
Intravenous therapy involves delivering fluids or medications directly into the bloodstream via veins.
Peripheral veins in arms and hands are preferred for IV access.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the principles of medication administration and intravenous therapy. This quiz covers important concepts such as drug nomenclature, injection techniques, and the use of IV therapy in clinical settings. Prepare to identify critical facts essential for safe patient care.